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<p>This study investigates the influence of various heat-treatment routes on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron. Seven samples were prepared, including an as-received specimen and six heat-treated variants produced through quenching in water, brine, or oil, followed by optional tempering. Tensile, compression, hardness, and microstructural analyses were performed according to ASTM standards. Optical microscopy revealed that quenching transformed the ferrite–pearlite matrix into a predominantly martensitic structure, while tempering reduced martensite content and promoted carbide precipitation. Tensile results showed a significant drop in strength and ductility after quenching, with water-quenched samples reaching ~ 40&#xa0;kN and ~ 5&#xa0;mm elongation, compared to ~ 120&#xa0;kN and ~ 20&#xa0;mm in the as-received condition. Tempering markedly improved performance, with brine-quenched + tempered samples achieving the highest tensile load of ~ 140&#xa0;kN. Compression testing showed compressive strengths ranging from 1079&#xa0;MPa (brine-quenched) to 1138.7&#xa0;MPa (water-quenched + tempered). Hardness increased by up to 79% after quenching, peaking at 40 HRC. The study provides a systematic comparison of quenching media and tempering effects, demonstrating that tempering after quenching yields a superior balance between strength and ductility, offering valuable insights for industrial applications.</p>

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of SG Cast Iron

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月14日

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  • Parth Manak Bohra,
  • Saurabh Dewangan

摘要

This study investigates the influence of various heat-treatment routes on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron. Seven samples were prepared, including an as-received specimen and six heat-treated variants produced through quenching in water, brine, or oil, followed by optional tempering. Tensile, compression, hardness, and microstructural analyses were performed according to ASTM standards. Optical microscopy revealed that quenching transformed the ferrite–pearlite matrix into a predominantly martensitic structure, while tempering reduced martensite content and promoted carbide precipitation. Tensile results showed a significant drop in strength and ductility after quenching, with water-quenched samples reaching ~ 40 kN and ~ 5 mm elongation, compared to ~ 120 kN and ~ 20 mm in the as-received condition. Tempering markedly improved performance, with brine-quenched + tempered samples achieving the highest tensile load of ~ 140 kN. Compression testing showed compressive strengths ranging from 1079 MPa (brine-quenched) to 1138.7 MPa (water-quenched + tempered). Hardness increased by up to 79% after quenching, peaking at 40 HRC. The study provides a systematic comparison of quenching media and tempering effects, demonstrating that tempering after quenching yields a superior balance between strength and ductility, offering valuable insights for industrial applications.