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<p>In the present study, a systematic comparative investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of different severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques—equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT), and accumulative roll bonding (ARB)—on the microstructural evolution, hardness, and tribological performance of AA2014 aluminum alloy. For each SPD route, the alloy was processed with a single set of optimized parameters, and optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the resulting microstructures. All SPD-processed samples showed significant grain refinement, with average grain sizes of approximately 4.9&#xa0;µm for HPT, 5.5&#xa0;µm for ECAP, and 6.9&#xa0;µm for ARB. The order of hardness values, which reflected the combined effects of precipitate evolution, dislocation density, and grain refinement, was HPT &gt; ECAP &gt; ARB. HPT showed the least amount of weight loss and wear rate at both loads in dry sliding wear tests, at 10 N and 30 N, indicating a significant improvement in wear resistance for SPD-processed samples compared to conventional conditions. At higher loads, SEM analysis of the worn surface showed a shift from mild abrasive wear in HPT to severe delamination wear in ARB. Overall, the study demonstrates that HPT is the most effective SPD technique for enhancing the tribological performance of AA2014 alloy, whereas ARB provides a moderate improvement with scalability benefits, and ECAP offers a balanced improvement.</p>

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Comparative Evaluation of Severe Plastic Deformation Routes on Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of AA2014 Aluminum Alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Kishore Kumar Kandi,
  • Anjani Devi Sanipina,
  • Varsala Pragna,
  • P. Prakash,
  • Anusha Mylavarapu,
  • Bade Venkata Suresh,
  • K Rajesh

摘要

In the present study, a systematic comparative investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of different severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques—equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT), and accumulative roll bonding (ARB)—on the microstructural evolution, hardness, and tribological performance of AA2014 aluminum alloy. For each SPD route, the alloy was processed with a single set of optimized parameters, and optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the resulting microstructures. All SPD-processed samples showed significant grain refinement, with average grain sizes of approximately 4.9 µm for HPT, 5.5 µm for ECAP, and 6.9 µm for ARB. The order of hardness values, which reflected the combined effects of precipitate evolution, dislocation density, and grain refinement, was HPT > ECAP > ARB. HPT showed the least amount of weight loss and wear rate at both loads in dry sliding wear tests, at 10 N and 30 N, indicating a significant improvement in wear resistance for SPD-processed samples compared to conventional conditions. At higher loads, SEM analysis of the worn surface showed a shift from mild abrasive wear in HPT to severe delamination wear in ARB. Overall, the study demonstrates that HPT is the most effective SPD technique for enhancing the tribological performance of AA2014 alloy, whereas ARB provides a moderate improvement with scalability benefits, and ECAP offers a balanced improvement.