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<p>To produce a sustainable metal matrix composite (MMC), this study investigates the effects of combining magnesium sulfate (MgSO<sub>4</sub>) with eggshell ash (ESA) and iron slag (IS) in AA3105 aluminum alloy. Enhancing AA3105's microstructure, microhardness, and surface roughness by the use of environmentally friendly reinforcements derived from industrial and agricultural waste is the aim of the project. Using MgSO<sub>4</sub> as a chemical aid, we created composite samples with varying weight percentages of ESA and IS (2.5, 5, 7.5 10, and 15 weight percent). The microstructure was examined using optical microscopy and SEM, and up to 10 weight percent reinforcement, it showed improved particle dispersion and grain refinement. Mild agglomeration was indicated by higher percentages. In comparison to the basic alloy, the hardness increased by almost 30%, according to Vickers microhardness tests. The addition of MgSO<sub>4</sub> and 10 weight percent reinforcement produced the greatest results. Although the findings were within the allowed range for industrial finishing standards, surface roughness measurements revealed a substantial increase (up to 20% Ra) due to second-phase particles. The use of ESA, IS, and MgSO<sub>4</sub> showed better bonding between surfaces, better mechanical performance, and better use of materials over time. These findings support the viability of adding waste-derived particles to aluminum alloys for structural and engineering uses that are eco-friendly.</p>

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Implications of Eggshell Ash, Iron Slag, and MgSO4 Incorporation on the Microstructure, Microhardness, and Surface Roughness of AA3105 Sustainable Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月25日

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  • Rajat Yadav,
  • Vijay Kumar Dwivedi,
  • Shashi Prakash Dwivedi

摘要

To produce a sustainable metal matrix composite (MMC), this study investigates the effects of combining magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) with eggshell ash (ESA) and iron slag (IS) in AA3105 aluminum alloy. Enhancing AA3105's microstructure, microhardness, and surface roughness by the use of environmentally friendly reinforcements derived from industrial and agricultural waste is the aim of the project. Using MgSO4 as a chemical aid, we created composite samples with varying weight percentages of ESA and IS (2.5, 5, 7.5 10, and 15 weight percent). The microstructure was examined using optical microscopy and SEM, and up to 10 weight percent reinforcement, it showed improved particle dispersion and grain refinement. Mild agglomeration was indicated by higher percentages. In comparison to the basic alloy, the hardness increased by almost 30%, according to Vickers microhardness tests. The addition of MgSO4 and 10 weight percent reinforcement produced the greatest results. Although the findings were within the allowed range for industrial finishing standards, surface roughness measurements revealed a substantial increase (up to 20% Ra) due to second-phase particles. The use of ESA, IS, and MgSO4 showed better bonding between surfaces, better mechanical performance, and better use of materials over time. These findings support the viability of adding waste-derived particles to aluminum alloys for structural and engineering uses that are eco-friendly.