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<p>Graphene-dispersed banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites with varying graphene concentrations (0–2.5&#xa0;wt%) were made by hand lay-up to examine the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological characteristics. The thermal integrity of the composites rose with graphene loading, per thermogravimetric measurement. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a change in the glass transition temperature (Tg), indicating thermal resistance and less mobility of polymer chains. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated a significant improvement in damping behavior and storage modulus up to 1&#xa0;wt% graphene, suggesting improved stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. Changes in the phase behavior and relaxation dynamics with increasing graphene concentration were validated using the Cole–Cole plots. At ideal graphene concentrations, SEM pictures showed improved fiber–matrix adhesion and decreased void development, whereas excessive graphene loading caused agglomeration and micro-voids. While localized carbon enrichment at larger loadings suggested graphene clustering. The constituent composition and homogeneous distribution of carbon at lower graphene levels were confirmed by EDAX. The findings show that thermo-mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites with banana fibers reinforcement is greatly improved when graphene is added to the ideal degree.</p>

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Effect of Graphene Loading on Thermo-mechanical Characteristics of Banana Fiber-Epoxy Hybrid Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月22日

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  • Koustov Mondol,
  • Sunil Singh Rana,
  • Goutam Paul

摘要

Graphene-dispersed banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites with varying graphene concentrations (0–2.5 wt%) were made by hand lay-up to examine the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological characteristics. The thermal integrity of the composites rose with graphene loading, per thermogravimetric measurement. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a change in the glass transition temperature (Tg), indicating thermal resistance and less mobility of polymer chains. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated a significant improvement in damping behavior and storage modulus up to 1 wt% graphene, suggesting improved stiffness and energy dissipation capacity. Changes in the phase behavior and relaxation dynamics with increasing graphene concentration were validated using the Cole–Cole plots. At ideal graphene concentrations, SEM pictures showed improved fiber–matrix adhesion and decreased void development, whereas excessive graphene loading caused agglomeration and micro-voids. While localized carbon enrichment at larger loadings suggested graphene clustering. The constituent composition and homogeneous distribution of carbon at lower graphene levels were confirmed by EDAX. The findings show that thermo-mechanical characteristics of epoxy composites with banana fibers reinforcement is greatly improved when graphene is added to the ideal degree.