Review of the Environmental Impacts of Cement Production and a Sustainable Remedy

Due to urbanization and the drive for affluent lifestyles, natural resource depletion has caused significant carbon emissions, global warming, and ozone layer depletion, among other problems. In this review article, some alternative materials are suggested based on the various articles that were reviewed with alternative cementitious materials such as granite dust, marble dust, and a variety of agricultural waste ashes, including ash from plantain peel, rice straw, wheat straw, banana leaf, bamboo leaf, and coffee husk. These ashes are used to make alternative fuels. Reduced carbon emissions are the result of replacing cement with other materials in the suitable proportions. Several mechanical and durability parameters were examined, and ideal replacement values for cementitious materials derived from various waste sources were proposed when it was determined that these properties were optimal.