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<p>Conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) readily shows cracks, particles, defects, and surface morphology but does not provide definitive composition signatures without additional methods or sectioning. This paper presents Extrudate Fracture Subsurface SEM (EFS-SEM), a rapid, non-sectioning workflow that generates impact-fractured particles from twin-screw-extruded PP/PVC nanocomposites to expose fresh subsurface faces for direct imaging. EFS augments mechanical fractography by revealing composition-linked particle signatures at 200× magnification and internal structural formation at 1000× magnification that standard test-mode surfaces often miss. The approach reduces preparation time, preserves native fracture textures, and enables building a reference library of particle-shape and interfacial signatures to support material identification, validation, and confirmation alongside complementary spectroscopic and compositional techniques. While Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms polymer functional groups and general filler presence without clearly differentiating carbon black and graphene, and energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS) detects elemental composition mainly confirming increased carbon content from fillers but not specific filler type, EFS-SEM provides direct morphological and interfacial contrast at the microscale, uniquely distinguishing filler shape and dispersion. Applied across PP/PVC ratios (60/40, 50/50, 40/60), EFS-SEM provides a high-throughput pathway to map subsurface morphology and composition to processing history and performance, addressing a key gap in conventional SEM-based analyses.</p>

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Mapping Internal Morphology by Extrudate Fracture Subsurface SEM in PP/PVC Graphene-Carbon Black Nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Utkarsh A. Patil,
  • Pravin R. Kubade,
  • Imran M. Jamadar

摘要

Conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) readily shows cracks, particles, defects, and surface morphology but does not provide definitive composition signatures without additional methods or sectioning. This paper presents Extrudate Fracture Subsurface SEM (EFS-SEM), a rapid, non-sectioning workflow that generates impact-fractured particles from twin-screw-extruded PP/PVC nanocomposites to expose fresh subsurface faces for direct imaging. EFS augments mechanical fractography by revealing composition-linked particle signatures at 200× magnification and internal structural formation at 1000× magnification that standard test-mode surfaces often miss. The approach reduces preparation time, preserves native fracture textures, and enables building a reference library of particle-shape and interfacial signatures to support material identification, validation, and confirmation alongside complementary spectroscopic and compositional techniques. While Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms polymer functional groups and general filler presence without clearly differentiating carbon black and graphene, and energy‑dispersive X‑ray spectroscopy (EDS) detects elemental composition mainly confirming increased carbon content from fillers but not specific filler type, EFS-SEM provides direct morphological and interfacial contrast at the microscale, uniquely distinguishing filler shape and dispersion. Applied across PP/PVC ratios (60/40, 50/50, 40/60), EFS-SEM provides a high-throughput pathway to map subsurface morphology and composition to processing history and performance, addressing a key gap in conventional SEM-based analyses.