Emerging Trends in Biomimetic Muscle Actuators: Paving the Way for Next-Generation Biohybrid Robots
摘要
Biomimetic muscle actuators, inspired by natural muscle function, have emerged as a key component in advancing biohybrid robotics. These actuators aim to replicate the efficiency, adaptability, and responsiveness of biological muscles, bridging the gap between artificial and organic systems. Recent advancements in materials science, soft robotics, and bioengineering have propelled the development of novel actuation technologies, including electroactive polymers, shape memory alloys, fluidic elastomers, and engineered living muscle tissues. These innovations offer improved force-to-weight ratios, enhanced energy efficiency, and dynamic adaptability, making them highly suitable for next-generation robotic applications. A significant trend in biomimetic actuators is the integration of bioengineered muscle tissues with synthetic scaffolds, enabling enhanced actuation performance while preserving biocompatibility. Advances in tissue engineering, such as optogenetically controlled muscle contractions and 3D bioprinting, have opened new avenues for creating responsive and self-healing actuators. Additionally, the rise of artificial intelligence and real-time control systems has led to improved feedback mechanisms, allowing biohybrid robots to adapt and learn from their environment. Despite these breakthroughs, challenges remain, including the scalability of biohybrid actuators, limited durability of engineered muscle tissues, and the need for efficient energy delivery systems. Future research is focused on addressing these limitations through novel biomaterials, microfluidic energy systems, and enhanced bioelectronic interfaces. This review explores the emerging trends in biomimetic muscle actuators, highlighting their potential applications in soft robotics, assistive technologies, and biohybrid systems. By overcoming current challenges, these actuators have the potential to revolutionize robotics, leading to machines that seamlessly integrate biological and synthetic elements, ultimately paving the way for next-generation biohybrid robots with unprecedented functionality and adaptability.