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<p>The present study investigates the effects of mutton tallow biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a 4-stroke, single-cylinder CRDI engine. The research involved Experiments that were carried out using different fuel-blend ratios (B0, B10, B20, B30, B40, B60, B80, and B100) under varying injection pressures (400, 500, and 600&#xa0;bar) and engine loads (0, 6, and 12&#xa0;kg). The primary goal was to investigate the influence of these variables on smoke opacity, exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and CO2), performance characteristics (BSFC and BTE), and combustion characteristics (cylinder pressure and MGT). The findings indicated that increasing the biodiesel ratio generally reduces smoke opacity and CO emissions, because biodiesel has a higher oxygen content, which improves combustion efficiency. However, the NOx emissions increased with higher biodiesel ratios and injection pressures. At an engine load of 12&#xa0;kg and injection pressure of 600&#xa0;bar, the thermal efficiency of the B10 blend was 12% higher than that of B100, and the CO and HC emissions were reduced by 53% and 78%, respectively. A lower in-cylinder pressure was observed with an increase in biodiesel percentage and reduced injection pressure. The highest mean gas temperature (1496&#xa0;°C) is recorded for B0 at 600 bars.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Performance, Combustion, and Emission Analysis of CRDI Engines Using Mutton Tallow Methyl Ester-Diesel Blends

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Pratik V. Swami,
  • S. C. Kamate,
  • S. N. Topannavar

摘要

The present study investigates the effects of mutton tallow biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a 4-stroke, single-cylinder CRDI engine. The research involved Experiments that were carried out using different fuel-blend ratios (B0, B10, B20, B30, B40, B60, B80, and B100) under varying injection pressures (400, 500, and 600 bar) and engine loads (0, 6, and 12 kg). The primary goal was to investigate the influence of these variables on smoke opacity, exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and CO2), performance characteristics (BSFC and BTE), and combustion characteristics (cylinder pressure and MGT). The findings indicated that increasing the biodiesel ratio generally reduces smoke opacity and CO emissions, because biodiesel has a higher oxygen content, which improves combustion efficiency. However, the NOx emissions increased with higher biodiesel ratios and injection pressures. At an engine load of 12 kg and injection pressure of 600 bar, the thermal efficiency of the B10 blend was 12% higher than that of B100, and the CO and HC emissions were reduced by 53% and 78%, respectively. A lower in-cylinder pressure was observed with an increase in biodiesel percentage and reduced injection pressure. The highest mean gas temperature (1496 °C) is recorded for B0 at 600 bars.

Graphical Abstract