<p>Several studies have been reported on polycaprolactone (PCL)-polylactic acid (PLA) composite-based 3D-printed orthoses for treating tennis elbow. Additionally, some studies have highlighted the effect of electrospun PLA-based nanofibers (NFs) reinforced with PCL for enhanced mechanical, shape memory, thermal, and morphological properties. However, less has been reported on the fabrication of innovative orthoses with shape memory capabilities (responsive to human body temperature). This study highlights the use of electrospinning-based PLA-NFs reinforced with PCL for the 3D printing of innovative orthoses (patient-adaptable) for treating tennis elbow. In this study, fabrication of PLA-NFs (diameter: 144.0 ± 18.0&#xa0;nm) was performed, followed by the preparation of a composite matrix (in filament form) of PCL-PLA-NFs using screw extrusion. The innovative orthosis was finally 3D printed using a material extrusion-based open-source printer. The parametric optimisation outlined that screw extrusion of 3% (by volume) PLA-NFs reinforcement at a barrel temperature of 62℃ and a screw speed of 6&#xa0;rpm resulted in attaining a maximum peak strength of 12.77&#xa0;MPa for the fabricated feedstock filament. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based thermal analysis revealed that processing the composition at optimized settings resulted in 11.89% crystallinity in the composite, suitable for a 4D printing application. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fracture morphology, and DSC analysis have confirmed that a 3% loading of PLA-NFs in PCL resulted in relatively fewer surface defects and tunable or programmable features in the filaments, which are responsible for better shape memory characteristics.</p>

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On 4D Printing of Thermoresponsive Innovative Orthosis for Tennis Elbow Treatment

  • Ranvijay Kumar,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Vinay Kumar,
  • Nishant Ranjan

摘要

Several studies have been reported on polycaprolactone (PCL)-polylactic acid (PLA) composite-based 3D-printed orthoses for treating tennis elbow. Additionally, some studies have highlighted the effect of electrospun PLA-based nanofibers (NFs) reinforced with PCL for enhanced mechanical, shape memory, thermal, and morphological properties. However, less has been reported on the fabrication of innovative orthoses with shape memory capabilities (responsive to human body temperature). This study highlights the use of electrospinning-based PLA-NFs reinforced with PCL for the 3D printing of innovative orthoses (patient-adaptable) for treating tennis elbow. In this study, fabrication of PLA-NFs (diameter: 144.0 ± 18.0 nm) was performed, followed by the preparation of a composite matrix (in filament form) of PCL-PLA-NFs using screw extrusion. The innovative orthosis was finally 3D printed using a material extrusion-based open-source printer. The parametric optimisation outlined that screw extrusion of 3% (by volume) PLA-NFs reinforcement at a barrel temperature of 62℃ and a screw speed of 6 rpm resulted in attaining a maximum peak strength of 12.77 MPa for the fabricated feedstock filament. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based thermal analysis revealed that processing the composition at optimized settings resulted in 11.89% crystallinity in the composite, suitable for a 4D printing application. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fracture morphology, and DSC analysis have confirmed that a 3% loading of PLA-NFs in PCL resulted in relatively fewer surface defects and tunable or programmable features in the filaments, which are responsible for better shape memory characteristics.