<p>In recent times, there has been a significant surge in energy consumption, necessitating high-scale energy production to meet the escalating demand. Presently, approximately 80% of energy is derived from fossil fuels, contributing to the emission of greenhouse gases and various harmful toxins, thereby posing environmental threats. Researchers have shifted their focus to alternative energy sources, particularly renewable energy, to mitigate carbon emissions. Geothermal energy, a form of renewable energy, holds promise in meeting future energy demands. Geothermal energy systems, employing Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) and Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE), play a crucial role in heat production and power generation. The performance of GSHPs and BHE is augmented using surrounding grout materials. This study assesses various types of grouting materials, comparing their thermo-physical properties and performance including environmental and economic impacts. Grout materials such as cement, bentonite, and silica sand are commonly used. However, contemporary practices involve the use of novel and composite forms of grout materials. Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are notable grouting materials employed to elevate the heat transfer rate. Literature indicates that Biogrout, Geopolymers, CLSM and PCMs emerge as optimal choices for grout materials due to their superior thermo-physical properties compared to conventional options. The technological, environmental, and economic constraints that must be evaluated to ensure a sustainable development of geothermal systems are also studied.</p>