<p>Motivated by the need to enhance competitiveness and operational efficiency in Indian SMEs, this study addresses the growing interest in Six Sigma as a performance improvement approach in the sector. The factors critical to successful Six Sigma implementation in Indian SMEs remains underexplored. With limited research available, the study offers an alternative by focusing on Indian SMEs’ unique challenges and needs. Using a survey questionnaire tailored for Indian SMEs, the methodology involves collecting data and analyzing it through descriptive statistics to determine key tools, techniques, and barriers to Six Sigma adoption. Results reveal the main critical success factors (CSFs) and challenges specific to Indian SMEs. This paper provides insights valuable for academia and Six Sigma practitioners, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies for successful Six Sigma integration in Indian SMEs.</p>