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<p>In the past two decades, studies have been reported on the material extrusion (MEX) based 3D printing of polycaprolactone (PCL) for sensing applications. However, little has been reported on PCL’s direct ink writing (DIW) in sensing applications for better conformality features. Several studies have been reported using the MEX 3D printing method on PCL-based sensors. Still, little has been reported on the 3D printing of PCL for designing and developing conformal sensors using DIW. This study used DIW of PCL to ascertain the developed conformal sensor’s mechanical, morphological, dielectric, and sensing properties. Results suggest that for the sample with a maximum Young’s modulus (E) of 5.029&#xa0;MPa, the observed peak and break stresses were 14.04&#xa0;MPa and 11.22&#xa0;MPa, respectively. The sensing properties in terms of insertion loss (S<sub>21</sub>) and radio frequency (R<sub>f</sub>) were explored using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) based on the concept of microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The observed S<sub>21</sub> for samples possessing minimum and maximum E (with and without strain) are in the acceptable range as per the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Further, these results were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).</p>

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On the Design and Development of a Conformal Sensor Using 3D Gel Printing of Polycaprolactone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Ankush Mehta,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Jitendra Kumar,
  • Ranvijay Kumar

摘要

In the past two decades, studies have been reported on the material extrusion (MEX) based 3D printing of polycaprolactone (PCL) for sensing applications. However, little has been reported on PCL’s direct ink writing (DIW) in sensing applications for better conformality features. Several studies have been reported using the MEX 3D printing method on PCL-based sensors. Still, little has been reported on the 3D printing of PCL for designing and developing conformal sensors using DIW. This study used DIW of PCL to ascertain the developed conformal sensor’s mechanical, morphological, dielectric, and sensing properties. Results suggest that for the sample with a maximum Young’s modulus (E) of 5.029 MPa, the observed peak and break stresses were 14.04 MPa and 11.22 MPa, respectively. The sensing properties in terms of insertion loss (S21) and radio frequency (Rf) were explored using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) based on the concept of microstrip patch antenna (MPA). The observed S21 for samples possessing minimum and maximum E (with and without strain) are in the acceptable range as per the industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band. Further, these results were supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).