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<p>For biomedical applications, Ni-625 and 17 − 4 precipitate-hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) are acceptable implantable materials that can be processed as functionally graded material (FGM) with the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. But hitherto, little has been reported on fabricating FGM comprised of Ni-625 (top layer) and 17 − 4 PH SS (infill and bottom layer) with LPBF, its interfacial characterization and thermodynamic analysis. This study reports the interfacial characterization and thermodynamic analysis of Ni-625 and 17 − 4 PH SS processed as FGM with LPBF at 120&#xa0;W laser power, 50&#xa0;μm hatch distance, 1200&#xa0;mm/s scan speed and 30&#xa0;μm layer thickness. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggests that little inter-diffusion zone was observed at the interface of Ni-625 and 17 − 4 PH SS, and the bimetallic structure was successfully fabricated. The results reveal that high-volume fractions of the austenite were noticed over a wide temperature range (up to 1350&#xa0;°C), essential for maintaining toughness and ductility at the interface.</p>

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On Interfacial Characterization and Thermodynamic Analysis of Ni-625-17-4 PH Stainless Steel-Based Functionally Graded Material Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Bharat Kalia,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • B. S. Pabla

摘要

For biomedical applications, Ni-625 and 17 − 4 precipitate-hardened (PH) stainless steel (SS) are acceptable implantable materials that can be processed as functionally graded material (FGM) with the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. But hitherto, little has been reported on fabricating FGM comprised of Ni-625 (top layer) and 17 − 4 PH SS (infill and bottom layer) with LPBF, its interfacial characterization and thermodynamic analysis. This study reports the interfacial characterization and thermodynamic analysis of Ni-625 and 17 − 4 PH SS processed as FGM with LPBF at 120 W laser power, 50 μm hatch distance, 1200 mm/s scan speed and 30 μm layer thickness. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggests that little inter-diffusion zone was observed at the interface of Ni-625 and 17 − 4 PH SS, and the bimetallic structure was successfully fabricated. The results reveal that high-volume fractions of the austenite were noticed over a wide temperature range (up to 1350 °C), essential for maintaining toughness and ductility at the interface.