Numerical Analysis of Stenosis Geometry and Stent Effects on the Hemodynamics of Blood Flow Through the Artery

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether coronary artery stenosis has an effect on blood flow to the arteriole of the heart through physical modeling. Using cubic and cylindrical platelets, the effect of stenosis on the coronary artery was examined in this study. Computational fluid dynamics was used for modeling and analysis. Blood is assumed to be non-Newtonian, incompressible, and viscous, and the solid wall tissue is homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic. In addition, different parameters, such as platelet type and the presence of stents, were examined to understand the relationship between pressure distribution, shear wall shear stress, and blood velocity in intravascular circulation. Based on the results of the study, it has been demonstrated that the type of platelets and the presence of stents affect the characteristics of intravenous blood flow in a significant manner. A stent containing a cube-shaped plate and cylindrical platelets produces a maximum pressure of 148 and 28.3 Pa, respectively. The maximum pressure caused by cylindrical platelets is about 422% less than that caused by cubic platelets. As a result, due to the greater amount of shear stress in the cube-shaped plate arteries, this type of clogging in the vessels carries much higher risks and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.