Multilayered XOR Gate: A Quantum  dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Approach

The rapid advancements in nanocomputing increase demands for the development of energy-efficient devices at faster speeds. Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), being such a promising nanotechnology, holds the potential to enable high-speed digital logic circuits. In the realm of nanocomputing applications, especially for nano-processors and nano-communication units, an Ex-OR gate demands innovative design techniques. This paper introduces a novel approach to designing an XOR gate based on QCA majority voters using multilayered crossover within the QCA framework. The circuit’s design and validation are conducted using QCADesigner 2.0.3, with energy dissipation analyzed through QCADesigner-E (QDE), resulting in an energy dissipation of 17.30 meV. Rigorous parameter analysis, including cost functions, is undertaken, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed design. The proposed design shows a significant 51% improvement in QCA-specific cost (QSC) compared to previous methods. Additionally, by eliminating internal nodes and thereby expanding the potential of this approach, this design offers greater scalability for use in higher-order complex circuits.