Performance Signature and Analysis of Patterned Surfaces Trapezoidal Patch Antenna Array with Defected Ground Structure

This work proposes a microstrip antenna array with a 2 × 2 radiating trapezoidal patch with a defected ground structure (DGS) in a 30 × 70 × 1.6 mm³ size. This design is aimed at impedance bandwidth improvement by comparing the array with a single radiating element with different DGS possibilities. The ground defected with a square-shaped structure is symmetrically etched at the center vertically on the ground between the unit elements. In the first layer of 2 × 2, the spaces between individual elements have been maintained as sufficient to minimize mutual coupling, and in the second row of the array, it has been reduced with many trials. As compared to an antenna array without DGS, the introduction of DGS shows an increase in bandwidth from 85.5 (1.84–1.93 GHz) to 123.9 MHz (2.59–2.71 GHz) without increasing its total size. DGS with a single square at the center shows the lowest return loss (− 35 dB) at the highest operating frequency (2.87 GHz), with an operating band of 2.81–2.93 GHz.