<p>The accuracy of planning and scheduling in linear construction projects is influenced by the production rates of activities along the project length. The production rates of activities vary due to changes in the values of influencing variables along the project length. This study presents the methodology that integrates geographic information systems (GIS) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to quantify spatial variations in activity-specific production rates in a linear construction project. Variables affecting production rates were identified through a systematic literature review, and AHP was employed to determine their relative influence. GIS was employed to model the spatial variation in influencing variables. The resulting GIS-based layers were combined utilizing their weights to derive adjustment factors for different project segments, which were subsequently used to estimate activity-specific production rates. The methodology was demonstrated on a water supply pipeline construction project, where the estimated production rates closely aligned with actual field rates, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.90% compared with 21.3% obtained using uniform average rates. The schedule developed using the estimated production rates more accurately reflects actual project performance by reducing project duration and improving work continuity. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the methodology in capturing location-specific variations in production rates and enhancing the accuracy of planning and scheduling in linear construction projects compared to conventional methods.</p>