<p>This study investigates the relationship between productivity and its affecting parameters in the Bay of Bengal by employing a combination of satellite-derived datasets and model-based k-means cluster analysis. It identifies the spatial variability in productivity influenced by temperature, salinity and nutrients. The negative relationship between surface temperature and chlorophyll-a in the central and southern Bay of Bengal reflects nutrient limitations due to thermal stratification, hindering productivity. In contrast, positive correlations in coastal regions indicate riverine input from major river systems, fueling productivity in sunlit, nutrient-rich waters. Seasonal analyses using model data reveal distinct clusters based on biophysical drivers. The Sri Lankan Dome region exhibits high productivity due to monsoon-driven upwelling, whereas the cluster in the northern Bay of Bengal benefits from riverine nutrient influx during the post-monsoon period. An analysis of the vertical profiles from the Argo floats further highlights these dynamics along the depth of the water column, revealing varying influences of temperature, salinity, and upwelling. As a result, the chlorophyll-a concentrations peak at varying depths across different clusters. Ekman upwelling also contributes to seasonal and spatial variations in productivity across the region. These findings underscore the role of marine processes such as monsoon winds, eddies, stratification, and riverine inflows in shaping productivity in the Bay of Bengal through a more comprehensive understanding of biophysical interactions.</p>