Predictive modeling of sea level rise: enhancing the blue economy and ocean sustainability through accurate GMSL forecasting

The Blue Economy is a vital part of sustainable development, particularly in harbor operations affected by sea level rise. It involves the responsible utilization of marine resources to provide jobs, better livelihoods, and economic growth while maintaining the condition of ocean ecosystems. The ability to foresee and alleviate the effects of climate change, particularly increasing sea levels, is essential to the success of the Blue Economy. The dataset is taken from the NASA sea level change repository, which is updated in real time. Data on sea level increase spanning 31 years is gathered and examined. For the purpose of policy-making, coastal planning, and risk management, precise estimates of Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) with noGIA and GIA (Global Isostatic Adjustment) are two forecasting parameters considered in the research work. This important problem is considered and research work is carried using both Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques where the comparison in ML, linear regression performs well with the R \(^2\) $_{}^2$ score for noGIA as 0.9971 and GIA as 0.99753. Similarly in DL, Bi-LSTM performs well with a better R \(^2\) $_{}^2$ score for noGIA as 0.9972 and GIA as 0.99758.