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<p>A brief account of the science involved in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to two Americal scientists (Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun) (both from USA), is presented in this article. The subject of the award was the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate the expression of genes at the post-transcription level. For their work, they utilized the model worm <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and studied the structure and function of two major heterochronic non-coding miRNA genes, namely <i>lin-4</i> and <i>let-7</i>, which are involved in temporal control of four larval development stages (L1–L4). Among the two miRNA, the lin-4 miRNA controls the expression of the protein coding gene <i>lin14</i>, and let-7 miRNA controls the expression of two protein coding genes, namely <i>lin-41</i> and <i>hbl-1</i>. This regulation of gene expression involves degradation of mRNA of the target genes by their corresponding miRNAs. Another similar phenomenon discovered in parallel with the discovery of miRNA is RNA intereference (RNAi, also described as RNA silencing) involved in the synthesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The involvement of dsRNA in RNAi was discovered in 1998 in parallel with the use of let-7 miRNA by Gary Ruvkun. A comparison of these two ncRNAs (miRNAs and siRNAs) has also been provided at the end of this brief article.</p>

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MicroRNA for Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression: 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • P. K. Gupta

摘要

A brief account of the science involved in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to two Americal scientists (Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun) (both from USA), is presented in this article. The subject of the award was the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate the expression of genes at the post-transcription level. For their work, they utilized the model worm Caenorhabditis elegans and studied the structure and function of two major heterochronic non-coding miRNA genes, namely lin-4 and let-7, which are involved in temporal control of four larval development stages (L1–L4). Among the two miRNA, the lin-4 miRNA controls the expression of the protein coding gene lin14, and let-7 miRNA controls the expression of two protein coding genes, namely lin-41 and hbl-1. This regulation of gene expression involves degradation of mRNA of the target genes by their corresponding miRNAs. Another similar phenomenon discovered in parallel with the discovery of miRNA is RNA intereference (RNAi, also described as RNA silencing) involved in the synthesis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The involvement of dsRNA in RNAi was discovered in 1998 in parallel with the use of let-7 miRNA by Gary Ruvkun. A comparison of these two ncRNAs (miRNAs and siRNAs) has also been provided at the end of this brief article.