Investigation of Deficiency and Excess Nutrients Under in Vitro Culture Conditions in Petunia hybrida

Plants are one of the most important factors in human life and need special elements for growth and development. The amount of the necessary elements for the growth and development of each plant forms the optimal level of the element, which has caused success in cultivation conditions and is very important. One of the best methods of culture and propagation is in vitro culture, or plant tissue culturicidal elements for growth and development. The amount of the necessary elements for the growth and development of each plant forms the optimal level of the element, which has caused success in cultivation conditions and is very important. One of the best methods of culture and propagation is in vitro culture, or plant tissue culture. Research to determine the optimal limit of nutrient elements under in vitro conditions and to study their effect on plant growth is very important, but so far not much research has been done in this regard. The purpose of this research was to investigate the appearance of symptoms of deficiency and excess nutrient elements in the plant with changes in plant requirements under in vitro conditions, as well as its role in the propagation of petunia as a model plant. In this study, the plant tissue culture method was used to investigate the effects of changing nutrient concentrations on plant traits. Changes in the amount of material included standard concentration, double concentration, as well as the removal of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, zinc, and copper. This experiment consisted of 13 treatments, each with four replications. Then explants were divided into some groups in the MS culture medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962), and some changes in nutrient concentration were made. After several sub-cultures in different stages of propagation (elongation, proliferation, and rooting), traits, such as elongation, growth, fresh weight, freshness, and seedling length, were examined and compared with each other, and the symptoms of deficiency or excess minerals were detected. The results showed that the highest dry weight was related to the treatments of double phosphorus, double potassium, zinc removal, and copper removal in the culture medium. Also, the longest seedlings were observed in treatments with twice the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the culture medium. Regarding fresh weight, the highest amount was related to twice the concentration of copper, and the lowest amount was related to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the culture medium. Also, the freshness of plants with the removal of phosphorus had the lowest amount. By doing this experiment on Petunia hybrida as a model plant under in vitro culture conditions, which is a controlled condition, a good situation was provided for comparing the effects of concentration variation of nutrient elements. By using these results and observing the symptoms of plant deficiency accurately, it is possible to have exact control over the growth and propagation of plants under in vitro conditions, causing an increase in the quantity and quality of products.