Understanding the Role of Phytohormones in Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stress: Current Status and Future Prospects

Plant species are confronted with several abiotic and biotic stress conditions during their life cycle, and they often try to surmount the internal stressed environment with the help of different chemical agents. Apart from their involvement in normal growth and development, the phytohormones also react to various environmental stimuli experienced by the plants. Although most of the pro-metabolic processes are involved in the process of adaptation to stress, the key role played by phytohormones goes unnoticed. Depending on the characteristics of the stressor, these plant growth regulators can interact in either an antagonistic or cooperative way to overcome the trouble faced by the plant species. The main intention of this review work is to discuss the potential role of various phytohormones in maintaining a balance against various abiotic and biotic stresses at both molecular and physiological levels. Possible research discontinuity and a few questions have been addressed in such a way that they can provide direction for future researchers in this field.