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<p>In this paper, an observational analysis of data from December 2017 to December 12 2025 is conducted to exa<sup>m</sup>ine the impact of fog on surface shortwave solar radiation over Amritsar (Punjab), Northwest India. The results suggest that dense fog events lead to substantial attenuation of incoming solar radiation in Amritsar, with clear diurnal dependence. An important observational result was that during foggy conditions in Amritsar, the average daily solar radiation was 9.28&#xa0;MJ&#xa0;m⁻<sup>2</sup> (SE = 0.33), while on clear days it was 12.14&#xa0;MJ&#xa0;m⁻<sup>2</sup> (SE = 0.35), resulting in an average reduction of 22%. In Amritsar, dense fog conditions were associated with an elevated extinction coefficient (βₑ) of 10⁻<sup>2</sup>–10⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;m⁻<sup>1</sup>. The relationship between visibility and βₑ was found to be inverse. The results of this paper may be useful for solar energy applications in the Amritsar region; however, uncertainty quantification was not undertaken and remains a limitation.</p>

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Fog-Induced Attenuation of Solar Radiation over Amritsar, Northwest India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Preeti,
  • Shashi Kant,
  • Anand Shankar

摘要

In this paper, an observational analysis of data from December 2017 to December 12 2025 is conducted to examine the impact of fog on surface shortwave solar radiation over Amritsar (Punjab), Northwest India. The results suggest that dense fog events lead to substantial attenuation of incoming solar radiation in Amritsar, with clear diurnal dependence. An important observational result was that during foggy conditions in Amritsar, the average daily solar radiation was 9.28 MJ m⁻2 (SE = 0.33), while on clear days it was 12.14 MJ m⁻2 (SE = 0.35), resulting in an average reduction of 22%. In Amritsar, dense fog conditions were associated with an elevated extinction coefficient (βₑ) of 10⁻2–10⁻1 m⁻1. The relationship between visibility and βₑ was found to be inverse. The results of this paper may be useful for solar energy applications in the Amritsar region; however, uncertainty quantification was not undertaken and remains a limitation.