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<p>This study presents a detailed thermal–hydrodynamic analysis of a ferromagnetic nanofluid modelled through the Powell–Eyring non-Newtonian framework under the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamic and ferrohydrodynamic magnetic interactions. A stretching surface which is heated by convection causes the fluid flow, and the effects of thermal relaxation are addressed through the use of the Cattaneo-Christov model for the non-Fourier heat flux. This model also incorporates Arrhenius activation energy, Joule heating, homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction mechanisms, and dual line dipoles that form a variable intensity magnetic field that influences the formation of boundary layers. Using similarity variables, the governing nonlinear equations were transformed for analytical solution by the Homotopy Analysis Method, which resulted in well converged and stable series solutions. The analysis shows that the effect of the magnetic parameter is to decrease the skin-friction coefficient by approximately 12%. The effect of the Ferrohydrodynamic parameter was to decrease the skin-friction coefficient by another 2%, as a consequence of magnetic resistance and thicker boundary layers. Utilizing magnetic intensity has been shown to decrease local Nusselt Number by 4% or more on average, indicating the significant influence of magnetic damping upon thermal energy flow. Thermal Relaxation in comparison with Prandtl Number will have a small positive impact on thermal energy flow, 1.4% and 0.5% respectively. The unified inclusion of MHD–FHD coupling, non-Fourier heat conduction, non-Newtonian rheology, Joule heating, and activation energy represents a novel and comprehensive framework for analyzing magnetically actuated nanofluid systems. These findings are useful in the design and optimisation of ferrofluid based reactors, microchannel heat exchangers, magnetic cooling and smart thermal management applications.</p>

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Analysis of Powell–Eyring Ferromagnetic Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet Incorporating Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux, Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Reactions and Arrhenius Activation Energy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Akhil S. Mittal,
  • Vikas Kori

摘要

This study presents a detailed thermal–hydrodynamic analysis of a ferromagnetic nanofluid modelled through the Powell–Eyring non-Newtonian framework under the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamic and ferrohydrodynamic magnetic interactions. A stretching surface which is heated by convection causes the fluid flow, and the effects of thermal relaxation are addressed through the use of the Cattaneo-Christov model for the non-Fourier heat flux. This model also incorporates Arrhenius activation energy, Joule heating, homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction mechanisms, and dual line dipoles that form a variable intensity magnetic field that influences the formation of boundary layers. Using similarity variables, the governing nonlinear equations were transformed for analytical solution by the Homotopy Analysis Method, which resulted in well converged and stable series solutions. The analysis shows that the effect of the magnetic parameter is to decrease the skin-friction coefficient by approximately 12%. The effect of the Ferrohydrodynamic parameter was to decrease the skin-friction coefficient by another 2%, as a consequence of magnetic resistance and thicker boundary layers. Utilizing magnetic intensity has been shown to decrease local Nusselt Number by 4% or more on average, indicating the significant influence of magnetic damping upon thermal energy flow. Thermal Relaxation in comparison with Prandtl Number will have a small positive impact on thermal energy flow, 1.4% and 0.5% respectively. The unified inclusion of MHD–FHD coupling, non-Fourier heat conduction, non-Newtonian rheology, Joule heating, and activation energy represents a novel and comprehensive framework for analyzing magnetically actuated nanofluid systems. These findings are useful in the design and optimisation of ferrofluid based reactors, microchannel heat exchangers, magnetic cooling and smart thermal management applications.