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<p>This study explores how shell thickness, impact velocity, and ambient pressure affect the damage mechanisms of steel-cased reactive fragments (PTFE/Al/W/Zr) impacting double-layer aluminum plates (6&#xa0;mm + 3&#xa0;mm). Using a ballistic gun, fragments with 1&#xa0;mm and 2&#xa0;mm shells were launched under controlled pressures. Ballistic limit velocities were determined, and perforation diameters and damage areas were quantified. The influences of shell thickness, impact velocity, and ambient pressure on penetration performance were systematically evaluated. Numerical simulations were further conducted to reveal the underlying penetration mechanisms. Results indicate that 1&#xa0;mm-coated fragments primarily induce shear-plug failure in the front plate and petal-shaped fracture with ablation damage in the rear plate, with increasing perforation area at higher velocities. Under ambient pressure, damage results from the synergistic effect of chemical energy release and kinetic energy transfer. In contrast, under low-pressure conditions, the reaction intensity of the reactive fragment is suppressed, and damage is dominated by kinetic energy via the Taylor impact mechanism. Thisstudy reports the phenomenon of damage enhancement of a reactive material at low pressure and proposes a chemical-to-kinetic energy weight-inversion mechanism offering a theoretical foundation for the application of reactive fragments in high-altitude, low-pressure environments.</p>

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Steel-Cased Reactive Fragments Impacting Double-Layer Aluminum Targets: Pressure-Coupled Damage Mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Peng Chen,
  • Fei Shen,
  • Jialin Quan

摘要

This study explores how shell thickness, impact velocity, and ambient pressure affect the damage mechanisms of steel-cased reactive fragments (PTFE/Al/W/Zr) impacting double-layer aluminum plates (6 mm + 3 mm). Using a ballistic gun, fragments with 1 mm and 2 mm shells were launched under controlled pressures. Ballistic limit velocities were determined, and perforation diameters and damage areas were quantified. The influences of shell thickness, impact velocity, and ambient pressure on penetration performance were systematically evaluated. Numerical simulations were further conducted to reveal the underlying penetration mechanisms. Results indicate that 1 mm-coated fragments primarily induce shear-plug failure in the front plate and petal-shaped fracture with ablation damage in the rear plate, with increasing perforation area at higher velocities. Under ambient pressure, damage results from the synergistic effect of chemical energy release and kinetic energy transfer. In contrast, under low-pressure conditions, the reaction intensity of the reactive fragment is suppressed, and damage is dominated by kinetic energy via the Taylor impact mechanism. Thisstudy reports the phenomenon of damage enhancement of a reactive material at low pressure and proposes a chemical-to-kinetic energy weight-inversion mechanism offering a theoretical foundation for the application of reactive fragments in high-altitude, low-pressure environments.