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<p>Reliable wireless communication in densely populated urban environments remains a challenge because of obstacles to radio wave transmission, including the limitations of narrow areas. With respect to the use of passive systems (i.e., reflecting surfaces), they have emerged as one possible solution to this problem. This paper presents the design and implementation of a reflecting surface operating at 5&#xa0;GHz, composed of a 15 × 15 array of unit cells fabricated on a single-layer FR4 substrate. The design allows for total 360° phase shift to provide flexibility in beam forming the wave front. A pair of design models were developed to simulate beam steering by changing the angle at which the electromagnetic waves are directed from the reflective surface to be redirected to angles of 20° and 45°. Simulated and measured data illustrate that the reflecting surface can achieve a maximum gain of 21 dB at an operational frequency band of 4.5–5.5&#xa0;GHz. Additionally, the intelligent reflecting surface improves signal availability and minimizes propagation difficulties associated with dense urban environments, making this a viable for future wireless communication technologies.</p>

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Compact Multi-ring Reflectarray Antenna for Overcoming Signal Blockage in Urban Areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月23日

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  • I. Rama Koteswara Rao,
  • R. Sambasiva Nayak,
  • K. Rajasekhar

摘要

Reliable wireless communication in densely populated urban environments remains a challenge because of obstacles to radio wave transmission, including the limitations of narrow areas. With respect to the use of passive systems (i.e., reflecting surfaces), they have emerged as one possible solution to this problem. This paper presents the design and implementation of a reflecting surface operating at 5 GHz, composed of a 15 × 15 array of unit cells fabricated on a single-layer FR4 substrate. The design allows for total 360° phase shift to provide flexibility in beam forming the wave front. A pair of design models were developed to simulate beam steering by changing the angle at which the electromagnetic waves are directed from the reflective surface to be redirected to angles of 20° and 45°. Simulated and measured data illustrate that the reflecting surface can achieve a maximum gain of 21 dB at an operational frequency band of 4.5–5.5 GHz. Additionally, the intelligent reflecting surface improves signal availability and minimizes propagation difficulties associated with dense urban environments, making this a viable for future wireless communication technologies.