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<p>Herbarium collections provide an important historical archive for understanding climate-driven phenological change and supporting conservation assessments of poorly known alpine taxa. In the present study, herbarium specimens of <i>Primula atrodentata</i> W.W. Sm., an Eastern Himalayan alpine species, were used to investigate long-term flowering phenology, evaluate conservation status under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, and clarify typification. A total of 21 flowering specimens collected between 1903 and 2018 were analysed using regression-based phenological approaches and geospatial conservation assessment tools. Results indicate an advancement in flowering phenology of approximately 16 ± 9.02&#xa0;days over the study period, suggesting sensitivity to climatic variability. Regression analyses revealed weak but detectable relationships between flowering time and climatic variables, with precipitation showing a tendency to advance flowering, whereas increasing minimum temperatures were associated with slight delays. Geospatial analyses estimated an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 547,972.961&#xa0;km<sup>2</sup> and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 92&#xa0;km<sup>2</sup>. Based on restricted occupancy, fragmented distribution, irregular recent occurrence records, and inferred decline in habitat quality, the species is assessed as Near Threatened (NT). In addition, the specimen K000750311 housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is designated here as the lectotype of <i>P. atrodentata</i> in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature, thereby stabilizing the application of the name. The study demonstrates the continuing relevance of herbarium collections for integrating phenological, taxonomic, and conservation research, particularly for climate-sensitive Himalayan alpine plants.</p>

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Use of Herbarium Data to Study of Flowering Phenology and IUCN Threat Assessment in Primula atrodentata W.W. Sm. (Primulaceae) and Notes on Its Typification from Indian Himalaya

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Subhajit Lahiri

摘要

Herbarium collections provide an important historical archive for understanding climate-driven phenological change and supporting conservation assessments of poorly known alpine taxa. In the present study, herbarium specimens of Primula atrodentata W.W. Sm., an Eastern Himalayan alpine species, were used to investigate long-term flowering phenology, evaluate conservation status under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, and clarify typification. A total of 21 flowering specimens collected between 1903 and 2018 were analysed using regression-based phenological approaches and geospatial conservation assessment tools. Results indicate an advancement in flowering phenology of approximately 16 ± 9.02 days over the study period, suggesting sensitivity to climatic variability. Regression analyses revealed weak but detectable relationships between flowering time and climatic variables, with precipitation showing a tendency to advance flowering, whereas increasing minimum temperatures were associated with slight delays. Geospatial analyses estimated an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 547,972.961 km2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 92 km2. Based on restricted occupancy, fragmented distribution, irregular recent occurrence records, and inferred decline in habitat quality, the species is assessed as Near Threatened (NT). In addition, the specimen K000750311 housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, is designated here as the lectotype of P. atrodentata in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature, thereby stabilizing the application of the name. The study demonstrates the continuing relevance of herbarium collections for integrating phenological, taxonomic, and conservation research, particularly for climate-sensitive Himalayan alpine plants.