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<p>The comminuted fracture (CF) is a challenge due to surgical site infection and the delayed bone healing process. Some studies have reported the use of cerclage strips (CS) for the treatment of CF in canines. However, little has been reported on changes in radio-frequency (RF) of fractured bone during healing for medical monitoring (MM). This study outlines a computational approach using the ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to examine the effect of CF on RF and return loss (S<sub>11</sub>) using a polylactic acid (PLA) composite-based sensor embedded in a CS for MM of canine bone. An impedance analyzer was used to measure the relative dielectric constant (ɛ<sub>r</sub>) for virgin PLA and its composite. The Debye relaxation model was used to predict the dielectric constant (ɛ’) and loss tangent (tan ẟ) at 2.45&#xa0;GHz. Simulated outcomes from the PLA composite sensor indicate a shift in RF during bone healing. The study highlights that RF and S<sub>11</sub> responses differ across different fractures on the bone surface (such as oblique, straight, and multiple cuts), indicating its potential for non-invasive, real-time, and MM of fractured bones in canines. Furthermore, the simulated specific absorption rate (SAR), electric field intensity (E), and surface current density (Jsurf) were 0.25 W/kg, 134&#xa0;V/m, and 0.22 A/m, respectively, all within safety limits for implant applications.</p>

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On the Radio-frequency Change While Healing of Comminuted Fracture: A Computational Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月15日

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  • Gurwinder Singh,
  • Rupinder Singh,
  • Amrinder Pal Singh,
  • Arun Anand

摘要

The comminuted fracture (CF) is a challenge due to surgical site infection and the delayed bone healing process. Some studies have reported the use of cerclage strips (CS) for the treatment of CF in canines. However, little has been reported on changes in radio-frequency (RF) of fractured bone during healing for medical monitoring (MM). This study outlines a computational approach using the ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to examine the effect of CF on RF and return loss (S11) using a polylactic acid (PLA) composite-based sensor embedded in a CS for MM of canine bone. An impedance analyzer was used to measure the relative dielectric constant (ɛr) for virgin PLA and its composite. The Debye relaxation model was used to predict the dielectric constant (ɛ’) and loss tangent (tan ẟ) at 2.45 GHz. Simulated outcomes from the PLA composite sensor indicate a shift in RF during bone healing. The study highlights that RF and S11 responses differ across different fractures on the bone surface (such as oblique, straight, and multiple cuts), indicating its potential for non-invasive, real-time, and MM of fractured bones in canines. Furthermore, the simulated specific absorption rate (SAR), electric field intensity (E), and surface current density (Jsurf) were 0.25 W/kg, 134 V/m, and 0.22 A/m, respectively, all within safety limits for implant applications.