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<p>Castellated steel beams are widely used in structural applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and provision for service integration through web openings. However, these openings alter sectional properties and influence structural performance. This study evaluates the effect of web opening size and pitch on sectional characteristics, stress distribution, and deflection behaviour of castellated beams. Finite element analysis using ANSYS is performed on solid and equivalent castellated beam models with hexagonal openings, and results are validated against analytical calculations. A parametric study is conducted by varying opening geometry while maintaining a constant opening angle of 60°. The results show that castellation leads to a reduction of approximately 10–12% in sectional properties. While global bending stresses remain comparable, localized stress concentrations are observed near web openings, and deflection increases relative to solid beams. These findings provide a rational basis for preliminary design and serviceability assessment of castellated steel beams.</p>

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Effect of Opening Size on Reduction in Sectional Properties of Castellated Steel Beams

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • A. J. Mehetre,
  • S. B. Kandekar,
  • R. T. Sahu,
  • N. U. Mate,
  • P. P. Khobragade

摘要

Castellated steel beams are widely used in structural applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and provision for service integration through web openings. However, these openings alter sectional properties and influence structural performance. This study evaluates the effect of web opening size and pitch on sectional characteristics, stress distribution, and deflection behaviour of castellated beams. Finite element analysis using ANSYS is performed on solid and equivalent castellated beam models with hexagonal openings, and results are validated against analytical calculations. A parametric study is conducted by varying opening geometry while maintaining a constant opening angle of 60°. The results show that castellation leads to a reduction of approximately 10–12% in sectional properties. While global bending stresses remain comparable, localized stress concentrations are observed near web openings, and deflection increases relative to solid beams. These findings provide a rational basis for preliminary design and serviceability assessment of castellated steel beams.