Phage-antibiotic synergy against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis
摘要
The present study was focused on determining the synergy between a bacteriophage isolated from sewage and the antibiotic ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus. The isolated phage exhibited a contractile tail and an icosahedral head and was placed in the class Caudoviricetes. Thermal stability of the phage at physiologically relevant temperature 37 °C was established by a statistically non-significant (p > 0.05) reduction of 0.158822-log in the plaque count of the phage kept for 24 h. In phage-antibiotic synergy experiments, treatment with phage (105 plaque forming units) along with a sublethal dose of ampicillin produced a significantly (p < 0.05) higher reduction in bacterial count as compared to phage or antibiotic used alone. When compared to untreated control, phage-antibiotic combination decreased (p < 0.05) the bacterial count by 2.1522-log, however when phage and antibiotic were used separately, the reductions were 0.8983-log and 0.4503-log, respectively. Additionally, a two-fold reduction (from 8 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL) in the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin against S. aureus was observed when it was used in combination with phage. These observations revealed a synergistic relationship between the isolated phage and ampicillin against S. aureus and suggest that the addition of phage can prove to be a solution for increasing the efficacy of the antibiotic against resistant bacterial strains.