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Background <p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been proposed to alter diameter of great thoracic vessels. We aimed to assess the effects of OSA on transverse diameters of ascending, descending thoracic aorta (dAA, dDTA) and main pulmonary artery (dMPA), and correlated with upper airway anatomical parameters.</p> Methods <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 patients; 22 with OSA and 22 controls. All participants underwent polysomnography followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography of chest extending through neck till mid-face to measure dAA, dDTA, dMPA and various upper airway parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlations and predictors, respectively. Statistical significance was defined by <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>Mean age was 36.7 ± 10.6&#xa0;years. OSA patients exhibited significantly larger dAA (2.95 ± 0.26&#xa0;cm vs. 2.43 ± 0.34&#xa0;cm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and dDTA (2.28 ± 0.15&#xa0;cm vs. 1.85 ± 0.27&#xa0;cm, p &lt; 0.001) compared to controls. No significant difference was observed in dMPA. Severe OSA was associated with larger dDTA. Antero-posterior length of soft palate and tongue volume were greater (3.64 ± 0.49 vs 2.97 ± 0.35&#xa0;cm and 73.8 ± 12.19 vs 53.2 ± 8.35 cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively, both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in OSA group. Univariate analysis showed significant correlation between thoracic vascular dimensions and various anthropometric, polysomnographic and upper airway anatomical parameters.</p> Conclusions <p>OSA is linked to increased aortic diameters, suggesting a higher risk for vascular remodelling and complications. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and management of OSA to prevent cardiovascular sequelae. Further multi-centric longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to corroborate the results and establish causality.</p>

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Estimation of Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Diameters of Thoracic Great Vessels by Computed Tomography and Correlation with Upper Airway Anatomy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Subham Debbarma,
  • Soumyadeep Datta,
  • Surabhi Vyas,
  • Shivam Pandey,
  • Naveet Wig,
  • Animesh Ray,
  • Sanjeev Sinha

摘要

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been proposed to alter diameter of great thoracic vessels. We aimed to assess the effects of OSA on transverse diameters of ascending, descending thoracic aorta (dAA, dDTA) and main pulmonary artery (dMPA), and correlated with upper airway anatomical parameters.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 patients; 22 with OSA and 22 controls. All participants underwent polysomnography followed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography of chest extending through neck till mid-face to measure dAA, dDTA, dMPA and various upper airway parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify correlations and predictors, respectively. Statistical significance was defined by p < 0.05.

Results

Mean age was 36.7 ± 10.6 years. OSA patients exhibited significantly larger dAA (2.95 ± 0.26 cm vs. 2.43 ± 0.34 cm, p < 0.001) and dDTA (2.28 ± 0.15 cm vs. 1.85 ± 0.27 cm, p < 0.001) compared to controls. No significant difference was observed in dMPA. Severe OSA was associated with larger dDTA. Antero-posterior length of soft palate and tongue volume were greater (3.64 ± 0.49 vs 2.97 ± 0.35 cm and 73.8 ± 12.19 vs 53.2 ± 8.35 cm3, respectively, both p < 0.001) in OSA group. Univariate analysis showed significant correlation between thoracic vascular dimensions and various anthropometric, polysomnographic and upper airway anatomical parameters.

Conclusions

OSA is linked to increased aortic diameters, suggesting a higher risk for vascular remodelling and complications. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and management of OSA to prevent cardiovascular sequelae. Further multi-centric longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse cohorts are needed to corroborate the results and establish causality.