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<p>The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process has been widely utilized to develop functional prototypes of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with stubble waste powder (SWP), exhibiting improved wear properties. But hitherto little has been reported on using these composites for consumer goods (such as the interior of automobiles) in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 of the United Nations. In this study, secondary recycled PLA composite-based prototypes were fabricated using the selected FFF parameters (100% infill percentage, line as infill pattern, and a printing speed of 80&#xa0;mm/s), resulting in a compressive strength of 59.93&#xa0;MPa for automobile gear handle knobs. The study suggested that the infill percentage was the only significant parameter for compressive strength at a 95% significance level. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based morphological analysis shows that the sample fabricated at the suggested settings has acceptable interfacial adhesion, lower porosity (15.24%), grain size number (GSN) of 5, and minimum surface roughness (Ra) of 11.33&#xa0;nm. Furthermore, the compressive strength improvement was observed to be 89.11% compared to the virgin PLA.</p>

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On Parametric Optimization of Fused Filament Fabrication for Processing Secondary Recycled PLA Composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Minhaz Husain,
  • Gurwinder Singh,
  • Ranvijay Kumar,
  • Rupinder Singh

摘要

The fused filament fabrication (FFF) process has been widely utilized to develop functional prototypes of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with stubble waste powder (SWP), exhibiting improved wear properties. But hitherto little has been reported on using these composites for consumer goods (such as the interior of automobiles) in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 of the United Nations. In this study, secondary recycled PLA composite-based prototypes were fabricated using the selected FFF parameters (100% infill percentage, line as infill pattern, and a printing speed of 80 mm/s), resulting in a compressive strength of 59.93 MPa for automobile gear handle knobs. The study suggested that the infill percentage was the only significant parameter for compressive strength at a 95% significance level. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based morphological analysis shows that the sample fabricated at the suggested settings has acceptable interfacial adhesion, lower porosity (15.24%), grain size number (GSN) of 5, and minimum surface roughness (Ra) of 11.33 nm. Furthermore, the compressive strength improvement was observed to be 89.11% compared to the virgin PLA.