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<p>Expansive clayey soils exhibit large swell–shrink behavior, and pavement subgrade construction is severely challenged due to low bearing capacity and high volumetric instability. In this study, montmorillonite-dominant expansive clay stabilization using rice husk ash (RHA) with different proportions (5–25% by weight) is compared to and the effect of incorporating Terrasil as another stabilizer. Experimental tests included unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), mineralogical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that UCS rose from 70&#xa0;kPa for untreated soil to 128&#xa0;kPa with 20% RHA after curing for 28&#xa0;days, and Terrasil added at 1&#xa0;kg per cu. m. provided additional strength up to 175&#xa0;kPa. CBR improved from 6.08% for natural soil to 8.73% for RHA-Terrasil mixture. SEM images indicated the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gels and a dense particle matrix in the stabilized soil, as evidence of microstructural justification for the strength gain. The study specifically identifies 20% RHA as the optimal dosage for strength enhancement and offers a long-term substitute for conventional chemical stabilizers, opening the door to sustainable pavement construction.</p>

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Stabilization of Expansive Clayey Soil with Waste Ash and Terrasil for Pavement Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Shivendra Singh Chauhan,
  • Kumar Venkatesh

摘要

Expansive clayey soils exhibit large swell–shrink behavior, and pavement subgrade construction is severely challenged due to low bearing capacity and high volumetric instability. In this study, montmorillonite-dominant expansive clay stabilization using rice husk ash (RHA) with different proportions (5–25% by weight) is compared to and the effect of incorporating Terrasil as another stabilizer. Experimental tests included unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), mineralogical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that UCS rose from 70 kPa for untreated soil to 128 kPa with 20% RHA after curing for 28 days, and Terrasil added at 1 kg per cu. m. provided additional strength up to 175 kPa. CBR improved from 6.08% for natural soil to 8.73% for RHA-Terrasil mixture. SEM images indicated the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gels and a dense particle matrix in the stabilized soil, as evidence of microstructural justification for the strength gain. The study specifically identifies 20% RHA as the optimal dosage for strength enhancement and offers a long-term substitute for conventional chemical stabilizers, opening the door to sustainable pavement construction.