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<p>In the Anthropocene, human activities have accelerated the introduction of non-native species, often through ballast-water discharge, threatening native biodiversity. This study employs environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA V7 region to assess eukaryotic communities from ballast water and harbour water samples collected in the V. O. Chidambaranar port, Tamil Nadu, near the Gulf of Mannar. Ballast water samples were obtained from vessels originating in the Maldives and Durban, while harbour water represented the local recipient ecosystem. A total of 2,025 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected across all samples, with pronounced differences in community composition associated with source regions. The Maldives sample exhibited high diversity, with dominant phyla such as Arthropoda and Bacillariophyta, while Durban’s sample showed broader diversity, including Chordata and Ascomycota. The harbour water displayed the highest OTU count but showed lower species evenness. Several potentially non-native taxa detected in environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from ballast water samples, including <i>Limaria pellucida</i>, <i>Calanus finmarchicus</i>, and <i>Siokunichthys nigrolineatus,</i> highlight ecological risks associated with ballast water discharge into new environments. Species exhibiting broad environmental tolerance represent a greater invasion risk, highlighting the utility of metabarcoding as a robust early-warning tool for biosecurity surveillance and ecosystem management. The distinct community structures observed reflect environmental and geographic influences, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular monitoring to prevent potential biological invasions.</p>

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Environmental DNA Reveals Eukaryotic Diversity and Invasion Risks in Ballast Water Discharged in the Gulf of Mannar, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • S. Sangeetha,
  • Annam Pavan-Kumar,
  • T. Ravikumar,
  • P. Krishnan,
  • P. Bipul,
  • J. Shreya,
  • P. Apurvasinh,
  • A. Chaudhari

摘要

In the Anthropocene, human activities have accelerated the introduction of non-native species, often through ballast-water discharge, threatening native biodiversity. This study employs environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA V7 region to assess eukaryotic communities from ballast water and harbour water samples collected in the V. O. Chidambaranar port, Tamil Nadu, near the Gulf of Mannar. Ballast water samples were obtained from vessels originating in the Maldives and Durban, while harbour water represented the local recipient ecosystem. A total of 2,025 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected across all samples, with pronounced differences in community composition associated with source regions. The Maldives sample exhibited high diversity, with dominant phyla such as Arthropoda and Bacillariophyta, while Durban’s sample showed broader diversity, including Chordata and Ascomycota. The harbour water displayed the highest OTU count but showed lower species evenness. Several potentially non-native taxa detected in environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from ballast water samples, including Limaria pellucida, Calanus finmarchicus, and Siokunichthys nigrolineatus, highlight ecological risks associated with ballast water discharge into new environments. Species exhibiting broad environmental tolerance represent a greater invasion risk, highlighting the utility of metabarcoding as a robust early-warning tool for biosecurity surveillance and ecosystem management. The distinct community structures observed reflect environmental and geographic influences, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular monitoring to prevent potential biological invasions.