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<p>Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs) have emerged as a revolution in medicine, environment, and even agriculture to an extent. Recently, a greener alternative, using an aqueous leaf extract from <i>Aegle marmelos</i> was found to synthesize reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. UV–Vis analysis confirms the successful formation of GO with the characteristic peaks at the region of 235–245&#xa0;nm corresponds to  π→ π* and n → π* transitions, while the similar pattern with reduced intensity was observed for rGO NPs, which indicates the effective reduction has been taken place. Functional groups were studied using FTIR analysis. The crystalline nature and particle size was determined using XRD analysis and the results shows the broad peak shift of GO at ~ 8° to sharp peak in rGO NPs with the improved crystallinity and particle size of 23&#xa0;nm. SEM analysis displays the crumpled, layered sheets like structure in GO, while rGO NPs exhibit rod-like structures with well defined edges. Antibacterial activity test was conducted for both <i>Aegle marmelos</i> leaves extract and <i>Aegle marmelos</i> leaves extract mediated rGO NPs against common pathogens and the results shows the highest inhibition rate for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, followed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis.</i> This enhanced anti-microbial activity was due to the synergic effect of the reduced graphene oxide structure and bioactive compounds of the <i>Aegle marmelos</i> leaves extract. The antibacterial effect was complemented by the membrane stress, which was produced by differentiation of the geometrical potential, because of the rod-like rGO nanostructures. It can be utilized for the various biomedical fields such as antimicrobial coatings, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and biosensors.</p>

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Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Properties Using Aegle marmelos

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Mani Thenmozhi,
  • Rajiv Periakaruppan,
  • Nithish Kathiravan,
  • P. Andal

摘要

Graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO NPs) have emerged as a revolution in medicine, environment, and even agriculture to an extent. Recently, a greener alternative, using an aqueous leaf extract from Aegle marmelos was found to synthesize reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles and characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. UV–Vis analysis confirms the successful formation of GO with the characteristic peaks at the region of 235–245 nm corresponds to  π→ π* and n → π* transitions, while the similar pattern with reduced intensity was observed for rGO NPs, which indicates the effective reduction has been taken place. Functional groups were studied using FTIR analysis. The crystalline nature and particle size was determined using XRD analysis and the results shows the broad peak shift of GO at ~ 8° to sharp peak in rGO NPs with the improved crystallinity and particle size of 23 nm. SEM analysis displays the crumpled, layered sheets like structure in GO, while rGO NPs exhibit rod-like structures with well defined edges. Antibacterial activity test was conducted for both Aegle marmelos leaves extract and Aegle marmelos leaves extract mediated rGO NPs against common pathogens and the results shows the highest inhibition rate for Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. This enhanced anti-microbial activity was due to the synergic effect of the reduced graphene oxide structure and bioactive compounds of the Aegle marmelos leaves extract. The antibacterial effect was complemented by the membrane stress, which was produced by differentiation of the geometrical potential, because of the rod-like rGO nanostructures. It can be utilized for the various biomedical fields such as antimicrobial coatings, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and biosensors.