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<p>Gastrointestinal diseases (GID) are a growing global health concern exacerbated by modern dietary habits and lifestyle changes. Traditional remedies from indigenous communities offer promising alternative treatments. Among them, the Ao tribe of Mokokchung district in Nagaland, has long utilized a herbal mixture locally known as Kharmoli (KML), composed of <i>Rhus chinensis</i> Mill., <i>Mesosphaerum suaveolens</i> (L.) Kuntze, <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L., <i>Elsholtzia blanda</i> (Benth.) Benth.<i>,</i> and <i>Picria fel-terrae</i> Lour., to manage GID symptoms. The KML extract was analyzed for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, expressed as mg GAE/g and mg QE/g respectively. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging (IC<sub>50</sub>), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Colletotrichum capsici</i> using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The KML extract demonstrated a high total phenolic content of 97.129&#xa0;mg GAE/g and a flavonoid content of 38.86&#xa0;mg QE/g. The IC<sub>50</sub> value for DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 537.60&#xa0;µg/ml, while the FRAP value was 107.23&#xa0;µM AAE/g. antimicrobial testing revealed notable activity, with <i>S. aureus</i> showing the highest inhibition zone of 15.78&#xa0;mm. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values confirmed potent antimicrobial properties of the formulation. The KML herbal formulation exhibits significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, validating its ethnomedicinal use by the Ao tribe in treating gastrointestinal disorders. Further pharmacological and clinical investigations are warranted to establish its therapeutic efficacy and safety for broader medicinal applications.</p>

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Phytochemical and Bioactive Profiling of a Traditional Herbal Remedy (Kharmoli) for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Northeast India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Joynath Pegu,
  • Amal Bawri,
  • Y. Disco Singh,
  • Gyati Yam,
  • Imlikumba,
  • Inya Lingu

摘要

Gastrointestinal diseases (GID) are a growing global health concern exacerbated by modern dietary habits and lifestyle changes. Traditional remedies from indigenous communities offer promising alternative treatments. Among them, the Ao tribe of Mokokchung district in Nagaland, has long utilized a herbal mixture locally known as Kharmoli (KML), composed of Rhus chinensis Mill., Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze, Ocimum basilicum L., Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth., and Picria fel-terrae Lour., to manage GID symptoms. The KML extract was analyzed for total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, expressed as mg GAE/g and mg QE/g respectively. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Colletotrichum capsici using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The KML extract demonstrated a high total phenolic content of 97.129 mg GAE/g and a flavonoid content of 38.86 mg QE/g. The IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity was found to be 537.60 µg/ml, while the FRAP value was 107.23 µM AAE/g. antimicrobial testing revealed notable activity, with S. aureus showing the highest inhibition zone of 15.78 mm. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values confirmed potent antimicrobial properties of the formulation. The KML herbal formulation exhibits significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, validating its ethnomedicinal use by the Ao tribe in treating gastrointestinal disorders. Further pharmacological and clinical investigations are warranted to establish its therapeutic efficacy and safety for broader medicinal applications.