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<p>Many plant species have imperfect sexual differentiation, which means that a population may exhibit multiple gender combinations in addition to unisexual ones.&#xa0;<i>Zanthoxylum armatum</i>&#xa0;DC, of family Rutaceae, also exhibits multiple gender combinations. It is a vulnerable plant with wide economic and medicinal value, and is distributed in tropical parts of India and other countries. It is reported to be dioecious in nature. In the present investigation, two cases of andromonoecy from two populations of&#xa0;<i>Zanthoxylum armatum</i>&#xa0;growing&#xa0;in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India,&#xa0;have been recorded. The sex expression in andromonoecious plants was confirmed only after the plants bore fruits and appeared as fruiting males. Both individuals bore hermaphrodite flowers at a very low frequency (3.45%). Hermaphrodite flowers co-occurred with the male flowers in the same panicle, predominantly occupying the topmost position (67.6%) or the middle (32.4%) in both terminal and axillary panicles. Besides male, female and hermaphrodite flowers, flowers with some intermediate phenotypes depicting varying degrees of pistil abortion were also found on the andromonoecious individuals at both sites. An attempt has been made to explain the occurrence and evolution of this sex form, as such intermediate phenotypes may help to unravel the sequence of evolutionary events that must have occurred in this dioecious taxon.</p>

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Andromonoecy in Zanthoxylum Armatum DC, a Transition to Dioecy or a Chance Factor!

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Renu Sharma,
  • Namrata Sharma

摘要

Many plant species have imperfect sexual differentiation, which means that a population may exhibit multiple gender combinations in addition to unisexual ones. Zanthoxylum armatum DC, of family Rutaceae, also exhibits multiple gender combinations. It is a vulnerable plant with wide economic and medicinal value, and is distributed in tropical parts of India and other countries. It is reported to be dioecious in nature. In the present investigation, two cases of andromonoecy from two populations of Zanthoxylum armatum growing in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India, have been recorded. The sex expression in andromonoecious plants was confirmed only after the plants bore fruits and appeared as fruiting males. Both individuals bore hermaphrodite flowers at a very low frequency (3.45%). Hermaphrodite flowers co-occurred with the male flowers in the same panicle, predominantly occupying the topmost position (67.6%) or the middle (32.4%) in both terminal and axillary panicles. Besides male, female and hermaphrodite flowers, flowers with some intermediate phenotypes depicting varying degrees of pistil abortion were also found on the andromonoecious individuals at both sites. An attempt has been made to explain the occurrence and evolution of this sex form, as such intermediate phenotypes may help to unravel the sequence of evolutionary events that must have occurred in this dioecious taxon.