Quality Changes in Dog Biscuits Incorporated with Cooked and Uncooked Pangas Waste Meal
摘要
This study investigated the feasibility of incorporating pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fish waste meal as a sustainable protein source in dog biscuits. Biscuits prepared using meal processed by two methods, cooked and uncooked, were compared for sensory characteristics, chemical composition, textural properties, and microbiological safety. Sensory evaluation revealed better quality for biscuits made with uncooked fish meal. Chemical analysis indicated similar nutrient profiles, although uncooked fish meal biscuits exhibited slightly higher fat (1.22%) and protein (15.8%) content compared to cooked fish meal biscuits (0.94% fat, 15.10% protein). Color parameters (L*, a*, b*) showed minor differences between the treatments. Microbiological analysis confirmed that both biscuit types met safety standards, with Coliform counts (<3 MPN g-1) and Staphylococcus coagulase positive counts below standard limits, and the absence of Salmonella spp. This research highlights the potential of pangas fish waste meal as a safe, and sustainable ingredient for pet food, offering a viable waste valorization strategy for the fish processing industry.