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<p>This paper addresses the problem of high outage probability in relay-assisted NOMA-UWOC systems through a new power allocation framework called PAM-AMO. The method uses a metaheuristic optimiser that jointly optimises power distribution and relay selection. Simulation results show that compared to existing processes, PAM-AMO significantly reduces outage probability and improves BER and power efficiency, achieving performance gains of up to 2.9&#xa0;dB under turbulent channel conditions.</p>

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Alternative Crested Porcupine-Based Power Optimization Scheme in UWOC with NOMA for Minimizing Outage Probability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Shambhavi Tiwari,
  • Kanchan Sharma

摘要

This paper addresses the problem of high outage probability in relay-assisted NOMA-UWOC systems through a new power allocation framework called PAM-AMO. The method uses a metaheuristic optimiser that jointly optimises power distribution and relay selection. Simulation results show that compared to existing processes, PAM-AMO significantly reduces outage probability and improves BER and power efficiency, achieving performance gains of up to 2.9 dB under turbulent channel conditions.