<p>In today’s busy lifestyle, lack of proper nutrients in diet necessitates the dietary need for certain health-promoting supplements such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) <i>i.e.</i> omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3-fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid have several beneficial traits. These are usually derived from fish and fish-derived products. However, these sources suffer from certain constraints such as the presence of toxic chemicals, harmful heavy metals, foul smell, and unsuitability for vegetarian consumers. Microalgae which are contemplated as the treasure house of a variety of compounds of both therapeutic and nutritional importance have been capturing the attraction of researchers for PUFA production. They are a vegetarian source of PUFAs and have several advantages over conventional fish-derived oil such as rapid growth rate, no alterations in the food chain, carbon dioxide sequestering, and higher yield of PUFAs. The article presents a brief overview of PUFA production from microalgae and its health benefits for humans.</p>