<p>Integrating key factors such as soil amplification, non-linear seismic response, and mass evacuation simulation is an effective way to comprehend a more holistic view of earthquake-induced damage at the urban level. Integrated Earthquake Simulation (IES) provides hazard and disaster predictions for various earthquake scenarios, using Geographical Information System data to generate digital city models. IES performs soil amplification, nonlinear seismic response analysis, and agent-based mass evacuation simulations to model earthquake events comprehensively. This study evaluates the seismic risk of the BHU Campus and Crossing Republik, Ghaziabad, under three earthquakes: the 1995 Kobe, 2001 Bhuj, and 2015 Nepal events. Digital twins of these areas were developed using shapefiles, incorporating attributes such as building height, construction material, structural system, and occupancy type. In the BHU campus, dominated by low-rise masonry structures, five-story or taller buildings exhibited inter-story drift ratios of 5 and 3.5% under the Kobe and Bhuj earthquakes, respectively, exceeding the allowable limit of 0.01h (h = building height), indicating significant seismic vulnerability. In the case of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, the seismic responses increased by approximately 250% during the second wave, followed by a decrease in the third consecutive wave. The seismic response in Crossing Republik, Ghaziabad, shows that rooftop displacement exceeds the permissible limit of <i>h</i>/500, where <i>h</i> is the height of the structures), indicating a significant seismic risk in these areas.</p>

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City-Scale Seismic Risk Assessment Using Physics Based Earthquake Simulator: A Case Study of BHU Campus and Crossing Republik, Ghaziabad

  • Shivani Lamba,
  • Ashwani Kumar Sharma,
  • Nishi Singh,
  • Mahendra Kumar Pal

摘要

Integrating key factors such as soil amplification, non-linear seismic response, and mass evacuation simulation is an effective way to comprehend a more holistic view of earthquake-induced damage at the urban level. Integrated Earthquake Simulation (IES) provides hazard and disaster predictions for various earthquake scenarios, using Geographical Information System data to generate digital city models. IES performs soil amplification, nonlinear seismic response analysis, and agent-based mass evacuation simulations to model earthquake events comprehensively. This study evaluates the seismic risk of the BHU Campus and Crossing Republik, Ghaziabad, under three earthquakes: the 1995 Kobe, 2001 Bhuj, and 2015 Nepal events. Digital twins of these areas were developed using shapefiles, incorporating attributes such as building height, construction material, structural system, and occupancy type. In the BHU campus, dominated by low-rise masonry structures, five-story or taller buildings exhibited inter-story drift ratios of 5 and 3.5% under the Kobe and Bhuj earthquakes, respectively, exceeding the allowable limit of 0.01h (h = building height), indicating significant seismic vulnerability. In the case of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, the seismic responses increased by approximately 250% during the second wave, followed by a decrease in the third consecutive wave. The seismic response in Crossing Republik, Ghaziabad, shows that rooftop displacement exceeds the permissible limit of h/500, where h is the height of the structures), indicating a significant seismic risk in these areas.