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<p>Combined Pile Raft Foundations (CPRF) have become increasingly important for high-rise buildings, yet their seismic performance on soft clay remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of CPRF systems under earthquake excitation, addressing the critical knowledge gap in soil-structure interaction effects during seismic events. Using PLAXIS 3D software, we developed a finite element model of the Messe Torhaus CPRF building in Frankfurt, Germany. The foundation system was modeled using a strain-hardening soil model for soft clay conditions, with the El Centro 1940 earthquake acceleration-time history applied to assess seismic performance. Analysis revealed maximum horizontal movements and velocities at the CPRF structure top, with peak vertical settlement at the rafting center. Quantitative results demonstrated that pile bending moments reached maximum values (74.73 kN-m) at pile heads, particularly in corner piles, decreasing by approximately 40% along pile length. Significant soil-CPRF relative motion was observed, with soil imparting additional inertial forces to piles, increasing corner pile moments by 11.25%. The relationship between raft thickness and seismic response showed non-linear behavior, with thickness increases from 2&#xa0;m to 3.5&#xa0;m, resulting in acceleration reductions of up to 19.27%. Response spectrum analysis provided crucial insights into frequency-dependent behavior under seismic loading, revealing peak responses at frequencies between 2 and 5&#xa0;Hz. This comprehensive 3D numerical modeling approach effectively captured CPRF behavior under seismic loads, demonstrating that both kinematic and inertial forces significantly influence foundation performance. These findings advance CPRF design methodology by quantifying parameter relationships and providing evidence-based guidelines for optimizing foundation configurations in seismically active areas with soft clay layers.</p>

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Dynamic Response of Combined Pile Raft Foundations on Soft Clay: A 3D Finite Element Analysis of Seismic Performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Sunil K. Ahirwar,
  • Akash Jaiswal

摘要

Combined Pile Raft Foundations (CPRF) have become increasingly important for high-rise buildings, yet their seismic performance on soft clay remains incompletely understood. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of CPRF systems under earthquake excitation, addressing the critical knowledge gap in soil-structure interaction effects during seismic events. Using PLAXIS 3D software, we developed a finite element model of the Messe Torhaus CPRF building in Frankfurt, Germany. The foundation system was modeled using a strain-hardening soil model for soft clay conditions, with the El Centro 1940 earthquake acceleration-time history applied to assess seismic performance. Analysis revealed maximum horizontal movements and velocities at the CPRF structure top, with peak vertical settlement at the rafting center. Quantitative results demonstrated that pile bending moments reached maximum values (74.73 kN-m) at pile heads, particularly in corner piles, decreasing by approximately 40% along pile length. Significant soil-CPRF relative motion was observed, with soil imparting additional inertial forces to piles, increasing corner pile moments by 11.25%. The relationship between raft thickness and seismic response showed non-linear behavior, with thickness increases from 2 m to 3.5 m, resulting in acceleration reductions of up to 19.27%. Response spectrum analysis provided crucial insights into frequency-dependent behavior under seismic loading, revealing peak responses at frequencies between 2 and 5 Hz. This comprehensive 3D numerical modeling approach effectively captured CPRF behavior under seismic loads, demonstrating that both kinematic and inertial forces significantly influence foundation performance. These findings advance CPRF design methodology by quantifying parameter relationships and providing evidence-based guidelines for optimizing foundation configurations in seismically active areas with soft clay layers.