Recent advances in albumin nanoparticle-based cancer therapies

Nanotechnology is increasingly utilized in treating complex and challenging diseases, notably cancer. Among the emerging strategies, albumin, a versatile biomaterial, demonstrates promising potential in forming nanoparticles with exceptional tumor-targeting capabilities and enhanced accumulation properties. Albumin nanoplatform presents a myriad of advantages including superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a favorable toxicological profile, culminating in improved anti-tumor efficacy.

This comprehensive review focuses on recent advancements of albumin nanoparticles for the treatment of various types of cancers, various techniques employed during their preparations, alongside the associated challenges and future avenues.

Albumin nanoparticles emerge as both safe and efficacious nanoplatforms for diagnosing and treating diverse cancer types. Nonetheless, there exist challenges that necessitate attention. The utilization of various organic solvents in albumin nanoparticle synthesis poses potential safety hazards. Exploring alternative methodologies devoid of organic solvents holds promise for safer production in the future. Moreover, the structural alterations of human serum albumin (HSA) and its cellular transport pathways during reactions in the organic phase further complicate the development of HSA-based delivery systems. Additionally, the inherent structural characteristics of albumin couples with the presence of diverse enzymes and proteins within the body pose hurdles in maintaining its stability. Consequently, further investigations aimed at refining the preparation techniques of albumin nanoparticles are imperative to bolster their safety, stability, and therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.