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<p>Rice seedlings were prepared and germinated under an aseptic technique, maintained under photoautotrophic growth conditions in vitro using vermiculite as the supporting material, and subsequently exposed to aluminum (Al) treatments [low Al (control) and high Al (1.0&#xa0;mM Al) for 7&#xa0;days]. The longest root was observed for IR64 genotype under high Al-treatment with upregulation of <i>OsORC3</i> (Origin Recognition Complex subunit 3). Root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of KaoMakKaek (KMK) genotype under high Al treatment were significantly decreased by 19.16%, 26.92%, and 18.46%, respectively, over the control. Under high Al treatment, membrane transporter-related proteins, localized in plasmalemma and tonoplast, encoded by <i>OsNrat1</i> (Nramp aluminum transporter 1) (within 24–96&#xa0;h) in IR64 and KMK genotypes as well as <i>OsYSL1</i> (Yellow Stripe-Like 1) (6&#xa0;h) and <i>OsAlS1</i> (Aluminum sensitive 1) (6–24&#xa0;h) in KMK genotype, expression levels were up-regulated to compartmentalization of excess Al at the cellular level. Therefore, an enrichment of Al in the root (2.03 folds over the control) and leaf tissues (1.75 folds over the control) in KMK genotype under high Al treatment caused chlorophyll degradation (indicated by low leaf greenness; 54.46% reduction), decreased maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>; 25.67% diminution) and photon yield of photosystem II (Φ<sub>PSII</sub>; 52.98% diminution), declined net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>n</sub>; 38.55% reduction) and stomatal closure, and aboveground biomass reduction. Moreover, leaf greenness (SPAD), F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>, Φ<sub>PSII</sub>, and P<sub>n</sub> in IR64 genotype were also decreased when subjected to high Al treatment. These physiological traits could be regarded as sensitive parameters while assessing Al toxicity in rice.</p>

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Modulation of Metal Homeostasis, Root Development-Related Genes, and Physio-Morphological Responses of Rice Under Aluminum Toxicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Suwanna Phukunkamkaew,
  • Rujira Tisarum,
  • Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul,
  • Thapanee Samphumphuang,
  • Sarunyaporn Maksup,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu,
  • Avishek Datta,
  • Suriyan Cha-um

摘要

Rice seedlings were prepared and germinated under an aseptic technique, maintained under photoautotrophic growth conditions in vitro using vermiculite as the supporting material, and subsequently exposed to aluminum (Al) treatments [low Al (control) and high Al (1.0 mM Al) for 7 days]. The longest root was observed for IR64 genotype under high Al-treatment with upregulation of OsORC3 (Origin Recognition Complex subunit 3). Root length, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of KaoMakKaek (KMK) genotype under high Al treatment were significantly decreased by 19.16%, 26.92%, and 18.46%, respectively, over the control. Under high Al treatment, membrane transporter-related proteins, localized in plasmalemma and tonoplast, encoded by OsNrat1 (Nramp aluminum transporter 1) (within 24–96 h) in IR64 and KMK genotypes as well as OsYSL1 (Yellow Stripe-Like 1) (6 h) and OsAlS1 (Aluminum sensitive 1) (6–24 h) in KMK genotype, expression levels were up-regulated to compartmentalization of excess Al at the cellular level. Therefore, an enrichment of Al in the root (2.03 folds over the control) and leaf tissues (1.75 folds over the control) in KMK genotype under high Al treatment caused chlorophyll degradation (indicated by low leaf greenness; 54.46% reduction), decreased maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm; 25.67% diminution) and photon yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII; 52.98% diminution), declined net photosynthetic rate (Pn; 38.55% reduction) and stomatal closure, and aboveground biomass reduction. Moreover, leaf greenness (SPAD), Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and Pn in IR64 genotype were also decreased when subjected to high Al treatment. These physiological traits could be regarded as sensitive parameters while assessing Al toxicity in rice.