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<p>Sustainable soil management, driven by the spatial variability of soil properties, is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and preventing land degradation. India the world’s second-largest tea producer is witnessing soil fertility decline in major tea-growing regions like Terai and Dooars due to prolonged monoculture. This study aims to assess the spatial variability of soil properties and delineate soil management zones (MZs) for efficient nutrient management in tea plantations of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal. A total of seventy-eight (78) geo-referenced representative surface soil samples (0–0.20&#xa0;m depth) were collected from tea gardens of Mal, Matiali, and Nagrakata blocks and analyzed for soil properties viz. soil pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, boron, DTPA extractable zinc, copper, iron and manganese. The soil properties exhibited wide variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from low (11.2%) to moderate (43.9%). Geostatistical analysis using semivariogram and ordinary kriging also revealed moderate to strong spatial dependence. Principal component analysis extracted five components (eigen values &gt; 1) explaining 65.6% of the total variance, which were further used for fuzzy c-means clustering. Based on fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy, five distinct MZs were delineated. The MZs varied significantly in terms of soil properties, reflecting underlying spatial heterogeneity. This study demonstrates that delineating MZs through multivariate and geostatistical approaches can aid site-specific nutrient management in tea plantations and further it can be implemented in other crops or for similar crops in other areas for sustaining crop productivity and maintaining soil health.</p>

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Spatial Variability of Soil Properties and Delineation of Management Zones for A Major Tea Growing Areas of Terai Zone, West Bengal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • S. Mandal,
  • A. Maji,
  • S. Mahapatra,
  • Sushanta Saha,
  • B. N. Saha,
  • S. K. Behera

摘要

Sustainable soil management, driven by the spatial variability of soil properties, is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and preventing land degradation. India the world’s second-largest tea producer is witnessing soil fertility decline in major tea-growing regions like Terai and Dooars due to prolonged monoculture. This study aims to assess the spatial variability of soil properties and delineate soil management zones (MZs) for efficient nutrient management in tea plantations of Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal. A total of seventy-eight (78) geo-referenced representative surface soil samples (0–0.20 m depth) were collected from tea gardens of Mal, Matiali, and Nagrakata blocks and analyzed for soil properties viz. soil pH, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, boron, DTPA extractable zinc, copper, iron and manganese. The soil properties exhibited wide variation, with coefficients of variation ranging from low (11.2%) to moderate (43.9%). Geostatistical analysis using semivariogram and ordinary kriging also revealed moderate to strong spatial dependence. Principal component analysis extracted five components (eigen values > 1) explaining 65.6% of the total variance, which were further used for fuzzy c-means clustering. Based on fuzzy performance index and normalized classification entropy, five distinct MZs were delineated. The MZs varied significantly in terms of soil properties, reflecting underlying spatial heterogeneity. This study demonstrates that delineating MZs through multivariate and geostatistical approaches can aid site-specific nutrient management in tea plantations and further it can be implemented in other crops or for similar crops in other areas for sustaining crop productivity and maintaining soil health.