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<p>Wheat is a globally vital staple cereal crop and a cornerstone of food security; yet, its production is increasingly constrained by abiotic stresses, including extreme temperature fluctuations, drought, salinization, and heavy metal contamination. These stressors disrupt cellular homeostasis, impair photosynthesis, and compromise grain yield and quality. Beneficial microorganisms derived from wheat and soil microbiomes have emerged as key mediators of resilience; however, current knowledge remains fragmented. In particular, the dynamics of wheat–microbe interactions under combined or fluctuating stress conditions are poorly understood. Microbes employ diverse mechanisms to enhance stress tolerance, including modulation of antioxidant defence systems, improvement of nutrient acquisition, regulation of phytohormone pathways, secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, and remodelling of stress-responsive gene expression. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding these processes and highlights the dual roles of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in supporting wheat health. We also discuss microbial strategies that promote stress resilience, including the activation of defence-related genes, the secretion of bioactive metabolites, and the recruitment of beneficial consortia. Despite progress, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding community-level mechanisms and their translation to field conditions, where plants experience multiple, overlapping stresses. Future research should integrate multi-omics, spatiotemporal mapping of plant–microbe interactions, and SynComs to resolve key knowledge gaps. While microbial interventions show strong potential to enhance wheat stress resilience, further progress will require clearly require linking microbial functions to yield- related traits and validating candidate inoculants through replicated multi-location field trials. Achieving these goals will depend on coordinated interdisciplinary collaboration across microbiology, soil science, agronomy, breeding, formulation and industry, data science, as well as strong engagement with on-farm research networks.</p>

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Beneficial Microorganisms Mediating Wheat Responses to Abiotic Stress: Advances and Perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Xintong Liu,
  • Haifeng Liu,
  • Muhammad Farooq,
  • Kadambot H. M. Siddique,
  • Fasih Ullah Haider,
  • Xiangnan Li

摘要

Wheat is a globally vital staple cereal crop and a cornerstone of food security; yet, its production is increasingly constrained by abiotic stresses, including extreme temperature fluctuations, drought, salinization, and heavy metal contamination. These stressors disrupt cellular homeostasis, impair photosynthesis, and compromise grain yield and quality. Beneficial microorganisms derived from wheat and soil microbiomes have emerged as key mediators of resilience; however, current knowledge remains fragmented. In particular, the dynamics of wheat–microbe interactions under combined or fluctuating stress conditions are poorly understood. Microbes employ diverse mechanisms to enhance stress tolerance, including modulation of antioxidant defence systems, improvement of nutrient acquisition, regulation of phytohormone pathways, secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, and remodelling of stress-responsive gene expression. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding these processes and highlights the dual roles of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in supporting wheat health. We also discuss microbial strategies that promote stress resilience, including the activation of defence-related genes, the secretion of bioactive metabolites, and the recruitment of beneficial consortia. Despite progress, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding community-level mechanisms and their translation to field conditions, where plants experience multiple, overlapping stresses. Future research should integrate multi-omics, spatiotemporal mapping of plant–microbe interactions, and SynComs to resolve key knowledge gaps. While microbial interventions show strong potential to enhance wheat stress resilience, further progress will require clearly require linking microbial functions to yield- related traits and validating candidate inoculants through replicated multi-location field trials. Achieving these goals will depend on coordinated interdisciplinary collaboration across microbiology, soil science, agronomy, breeding, formulation and industry, data science, as well as strong engagement with on-farm research networks.