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<p>Phosphorus deficiency remains a major constraint to crop productivity in Indian agriculture, with over 80% of the soils testing inadequate phosphorus content. The use of conventional phosphorus fertilizers is hampered by their low solubility, high fixation in soils, and significant leaching losses, which lead to poor nutrient use efficiency and the environmental issues of P build up and eutrophication. In this context, calcium phosphate nanofertilizers (CaP NFs) have emerged as a promising alternative aligned with the goals of sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture. This review comprehensively examines the potential of CaP NFs to improve phosphorus uptake, minimize nutrient losses, and in compliance with soil health. In this context, calcium phosphate nanofertilizers (CaP NFs) have emerged as a promising alternative for improving nutrient use efficiency and minimizing nutrient losses.&#xa0;Evidence from recent studies indicates that CaP NFs support enhanced germination, biomass accumulation, stress resilience, and yield, especially under phosphorus-deficient or abiotic stress conditions. Beyond nutrient delivery, CaP NFs also serve as carriers for other macro- and micronutrients, enabling controlled release and reducing fertilizer application frequency. We discuss modes of application (soil, foliar, hydroponic), potential for integration with organic amendments, and field-scale feasibility. Environmental and regulatory concerns, particularly nanoparticle toxicity, standardization gaps, and cost barriers, are addressed in the context of agriculture in India. Finally, we propose policy and research interventions needed to facilitate large-scale adoption of CaP NFs, including capacity building, subsidy realignment, and inclusion in nutrient management frameworks. This review demonstrates that the synthesis methods of CaP NFs, their ability to act as carriers for multi-nutrients, and their capacity for controlled release position them as a viable route to enhancing phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture.</p>

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Calcium Phosphate Nanofertilizer for Phosphorus Use Efficiency: A Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Navjeet Kaur,
  • Samir Kulkarni,
  • Sayali Jadhav,
  • Mrunmai Yadav,
  • Aishwarya Chavan

摘要

Phosphorus deficiency remains a major constraint to crop productivity in Indian agriculture, with over 80% of the soils testing inadequate phosphorus content. The use of conventional phosphorus fertilizers is hampered by their low solubility, high fixation in soils, and significant leaching losses, which lead to poor nutrient use efficiency and the environmental issues of P build up and eutrophication. In this context, calcium phosphate nanofertilizers (CaP NFs) have emerged as a promising alternative aligned with the goals of sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture. This review comprehensively examines the potential of CaP NFs to improve phosphorus uptake, minimize nutrient losses, and in compliance with soil health. In this context, calcium phosphate nanofertilizers (CaP NFs) have emerged as a promising alternative for improving nutrient use efficiency and minimizing nutrient losses. Evidence from recent studies indicates that CaP NFs support enhanced germination, biomass accumulation, stress resilience, and yield, especially under phosphorus-deficient or abiotic stress conditions. Beyond nutrient delivery, CaP NFs also serve as carriers for other macro- and micronutrients, enabling controlled release and reducing fertilizer application frequency. We discuss modes of application (soil, foliar, hydroponic), potential for integration with organic amendments, and field-scale feasibility. Environmental and regulatory concerns, particularly nanoparticle toxicity, standardization gaps, and cost barriers, are addressed in the context of agriculture in India. Finally, we propose policy and research interventions needed to facilitate large-scale adoption of CaP NFs, including capacity building, subsidy realignment, and inclusion in nutrient management frameworks. This review demonstrates that the synthesis methods of CaP NFs, their ability to act as carriers for multi-nutrients, and their capacity for controlled release position them as a viable route to enhancing phosphorus use efficiency in agriculture.