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<p>During the 2021 and 2022 kharif seasons, 56 rice germplasm samples were grown and maintained in the experimental rice field of the Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. The DUS (Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability) protocol was employed to characterize the samples, which were based on qualitative agro-morphological descriptors. Characteristics such as flag leaf attitude, color of the basal leaf sheath, stem length, and 50% heading date were observed. The varieties like Ekley, Kalo dhan, Jetti mansuri, and Rajabar showed the lowest alkali spreading value (ASV) (2) and gelatinization temperature (GT) (7), whereas the varieties like Jallanga, Champhay, and Khampti showed the highest ASV (7) and lowest GT (1). Ten of the 56 rice varieties are aromatic rice with mild to strong aroma. The transverse cross section of rice grains under a scanning electron microscope clearly showed the pericarp layer, followed by the seed coat (testa), aleurone layer, and endosperm layer in a centripetal manner. Pericarp and testa thicknesses ranged from 1.31 to 10.33&#xa0;μm across the 56 rice varieties. The thickness of the aleurone layer varied from 9.65 × 9.93 to 23.91 × 45.07&#xa0;μm, while the size of the aleurone grain (AG) varied from 0.22 to 1.50&#xa0;μm in Bhog Prasad to 2.16–4.46&#xa0;μm in Joha. The thickness of the bran varied from 15.71 to 61.64&#xa0;μm. Compound Starch Granules (CSG) ranged in size from 1.33 to 338&#xa0;μm in Ram Dhan μm to 10.84–13.23&#xa0;μm in Anandi, having a polygonal (hexagonal) shape. The spherical protein bodies (PB) found in abundance in most rice cultivars, including Dhoody Marshy, Champhay, Dhokay, Jallanga, and Jetti Mansuri, were embedded within the starch granules. The size of the protein bodies ranged from 0.30 to 2.77&#xa0;μm. These germplasms showed the useful traits that breeder could utilize in their efforts to crop improvement programs.</p>

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Agro-Morphological Characterization of Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa) and Comparative Analysis of Rice Caryopsis Ultrastructure Using Scanning Electron Microscope

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Sona Limboo,
  • Shukdeb Sarkar,
  • Bhumika T. Yonzon,
  • Subhas Chandra Roy

摘要

During the 2021 and 2022 kharif seasons, 56 rice germplasm samples were grown and maintained in the experimental rice field of the Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal. The DUS (Distinctiveness, Uniformity, and Stability) protocol was employed to characterize the samples, which were based on qualitative agro-morphological descriptors. Characteristics such as flag leaf attitude, color of the basal leaf sheath, stem length, and 50% heading date were observed. The varieties like Ekley, Kalo dhan, Jetti mansuri, and Rajabar showed the lowest alkali spreading value (ASV) (2) and gelatinization temperature (GT) (7), whereas the varieties like Jallanga, Champhay, and Khampti showed the highest ASV (7) and lowest GT (1). Ten of the 56 rice varieties are aromatic rice with mild to strong aroma. The transverse cross section of rice grains under a scanning electron microscope clearly showed the pericarp layer, followed by the seed coat (testa), aleurone layer, and endosperm layer in a centripetal manner. Pericarp and testa thicknesses ranged from 1.31 to 10.33 μm across the 56 rice varieties. The thickness of the aleurone layer varied from 9.65 × 9.93 to 23.91 × 45.07 μm, while the size of the aleurone grain (AG) varied from 0.22 to 1.50 μm in Bhog Prasad to 2.16–4.46 μm in Joha. The thickness of the bran varied from 15.71 to 61.64 μm. Compound Starch Granules (CSG) ranged in size from 1.33 to 338 μm in Ram Dhan μm to 10.84–13.23 μm in Anandi, having a polygonal (hexagonal) shape. The spherical protein bodies (PB) found in abundance in most rice cultivars, including Dhoody Marshy, Champhay, Dhokay, Jallanga, and Jetti Mansuri, were embedded within the starch granules. The size of the protein bodies ranged from 0.30 to 2.77 μm. These germplasms showed the useful traits that breeder could utilize in their efforts to crop improvement programs.