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Background <p><i>Mycobacterium avium complex</i> (MAC) is the major cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and clofazimine is increasingly used as an adjunctive therapy. We evaluated outcomes and tolerability of clofazimine-containing regimens in MAC-PD across two European centers.</p> Methods <p>Retrospective observational study of MAC-PD treated from 2020 to 2024 in Milan (Italy) and Nijmegen (Netherlands). Diagnosis followed ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA and BTS criteria. Clinical, radiological and microbiological data were collected. Outcomes included treatment completion, mortality and adverse drug events (ADEs).</p> Results <p>A total of 90 cases were included (74% female, median age 68&#xa0;years). Disease patterns differed by center, with nodular-bronchiectatic forms prevailing in Milan and fibrocavitary disease in Nijmegen. Clofazimine discontinuation due to ADEs occurred in 14%. Overall, 74% completed therapy and mortality was 8%.</p> Conclusion <p>Clofazimine-containing regimens showed acceptable safety and favorable outcomes in diverse European MAC-PD populations, supporting its role as a valuable adjunct in MAC-PD management.</p>

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Treatment outcomes of clofazimine-containing regimens in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a retrospective study from two European reference centers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Serena Piccirillo,
  • Niccolò Riccardi,
  • Giovanni Fumagalli,
  • Jakko van Ingen,
  • Cynthia van Arkel,
  • Maurizio Ferrarese,
  • Alice Repossi,
  • Marco Mantero,
  • Francesco Blasi,
  • Luigi Ruffo Codecasa

摘要

Background

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the major cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) and clofazimine is increasingly used as an adjunctive therapy. We evaluated outcomes and tolerability of clofazimine-containing regimens in MAC-PD across two European centers.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of MAC-PD treated from 2020 to 2024 in Milan (Italy) and Nijmegen (Netherlands). Diagnosis followed ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA and BTS criteria. Clinical, radiological and microbiological data were collected. Outcomes included treatment completion, mortality and adverse drug events (ADEs).

Results

A total of 90 cases were included (74% female, median age 68 years). Disease patterns differed by center, with nodular-bronchiectatic forms prevailing in Milan and fibrocavitary disease in Nijmegen. Clofazimine discontinuation due to ADEs occurred in 14%. Overall, 74% completed therapy and mortality was 8%.

Conclusion

Clofazimine-containing regimens showed acceptable safety and favorable outcomes in diverse European MAC-PD populations, supporting its role as a valuable adjunct in MAC-PD management.