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Background and Objectives <p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical and escalating global health threat, with resistant bacterial infections contributing to millions of deaths annually. While the development of novel antibiotics remains essential, preventive strategies, particularly vaccination, offer a sustainable and underutilized approach to mitigating AMR. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of vaccine development efforts targeting bacterial pathogens listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Priority Pathogens report.</p> Methods <p>We systematically analyzed both preclinical and clinical-stage vaccine candidates, focusing on platform technologies, antigen selection strategies, and pathogen-specific challenges.</p> Results <p>Advances in mRNA platforms, outer membrane vesicles, reverse vaccinology, and structure-guided antigen design are accelerating vaccine development. However, significant challenges persist, including antigenic diversity, limited correlates of protection, and regulatory complexity.</p> Conclusion: <p>Vaccination represents a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic use and limit resistance prevalence. By integrating current pipeline data with AMR reduction frameworks, this review provides an updated resource to guide vaccine design, investment prioritization, and global AMR control strategies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Targeting antimicrobial resistance through vaccinology: a review of preclinical and clinical pipeline vaccines against WHO priority bacterial pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Helal F. Hetta,
  • Zinab Alatawi,
  • Salwa Q. Bukhari,
  • Ali M. Atoom,
  • Noura H. Abd Ellah,
  • Yasmin N. Ramadan

摘要

Background and Objectives

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical and escalating global health threat, with resistant bacterial infections contributing to millions of deaths annually. While the development of novel antibiotics remains essential, preventive strategies, particularly vaccination, offer a sustainable and underutilized approach to mitigating AMR. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of vaccine development efforts targeting bacterial pathogens listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Priority Pathogens report.

Methods

We systematically analyzed both preclinical and clinical-stage vaccine candidates, focusing on platform technologies, antigen selection strategies, and pathogen-specific challenges.

Results

Advances in mRNA platforms, outer membrane vesicles, reverse vaccinology, and structure-guided antigen design are accelerating vaccine development. However, significant challenges persist, including antigenic diversity, limited correlates of protection, and regulatory complexity.

Conclusion:

Vaccination represents a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic use and limit resistance prevalence. By integrating current pipeline data with AMR reduction frameworks, this review provides an updated resource to guide vaccine design, investment prioritization, and global AMR control strategies.

Graphical abstract